Officers and Men of the Frigate Deane (11/1781-5/31/1782)

The following alphabetical list of 303 officers and men of the Continental Navy frigate Deane, commanded by Samuel Nicholson, was compiled from the 17 volume collection of “Massachusetts Soldiers and Sailors of the Revolutionary War. A Compilation from the Archives” first published by the Massachusetts Office of the Secretary of State between 1896 and 1908. The collection is available online with digital recognition through the auspices of the University of Massachusetts at Amherst and is also accessible through Ancestry.com. However, both of these viewing vehicles are cumbersome when searching for the entire crew of a particular vessel. Some time ago, I stumbled on the 12 February 2011 blog “The Crew of the Two Ships Called Deane” on Dennis Segelquist’s always interesting website “Civil War Days & Those Surnames”. Mr. Segelquist included names representing crews from both the Continental frigate Deane and the private armed ship of the same name, commanded by Elisha Hinman. He didn’t segregate the crews of the two vessels “as this would take way too long.” In order to provide an easily re-searchable list of the officers and men of the Continental Navy frigate Deane, I have taken that time to re-examine each of the 17 volumes. In the process, I have discovered a number of the crew who were missed in Segelquist’s blog. As he correctly noted, “These records are badly written and there are a lot of miss-spellings”, errors accentuated by the digital recognition software that is used to transcribe them. I have done my best but I’m certain some errors appear despite my concentrated efforts. The reference volume and page numbers have been added in parentheses for each individual listing for ease in using the collection. Finally, where the individual continued in service of the vessel re-named frigate Hague, I have included that service also.

This list of officers and men do not cover the entire history of the vessel which was built at Nantes, France in 1777. The frigate was sailed to America in 1778 to be fitted out and first cruised in the West Indies before returning from Martinique in April 1779. After spending May in the Delaware River with Continental frigates Confederacy and Boston, the Deane sailed in their company on a short cruise on the Atlantic coast. In late June 1779, the 32-gun Deane was ordered to proceed to the Chesapeake in company with the 24-gun frigate Boston. A month later, Deane and Boston “left the capes” on orders to cruise until the middle of September, or longer if their provisions lasted, and return to home port at Boston. The two frigates captured a number of prizes and arrived at Boston with two hundred fifty prisoners on 6 September 1779.

On 21 September 1779, the Marine Committee of the Continental Congress ordered the Navy Board at Boston to re-fit the Continental frigates Deane, Boston and Queen of France as quickly as possible for service at Charleston, SC. One month later, the Deane was detached from this duty while the frigates Providence, Boston, Queen of France and ship Ranger all sailed to their eventual doom when Charleston was lost to the British on 12 May 1780. The idle Deane was ordered to the Chesapeake to secure bread for a starving Boston in January 1780 but was still in port the following month when bread was again available. Sometime during the second half of February Deane sailed on a nine week cruise, taking at four valuable prizes before returning on 1 May 1780 with a number of prisoners “among whom a virulent fever prevailed”.

Less than two weeks after Deane’s arrival at Boston, the vessel is ordered to be fit out as soon as possible and to “be in Delaware Bay” by the end of June. Funding and crewing issues delay Deane’s arrival at Chester in the Delaware until mid-August 1780. Frigates Deane and Trumbull sailed in concert on a short cruise within the next few weeks while also suffering complaints surrounding Deane’s impressment of twenty-one sailors on the river. In early December 1780, the Continental frigates Confederacy, Deane and Saratoga depart Philadelphia for a cruise in the West Indies that would last until early spring 1781. While the Deane returned yet again to Boston on 17 April 1781 after a twenty-five day transit from Cape Francois, the Confederacy was taken by the British three days earlier and the Saratoga was forever lost without a trace. The frigate lay idle again at Boston as the British troops at Yorktown surrendered on 19 October 1781.

It wasn’t until the vessel starting crewing again when this roll of officers and men was first initiated. The annotations suggest the Deane’s roll was commenced in early November 1781 and completed with the discharge of her crew on 31 May 1782. A 23 May 1782 newspaper article erroneously  reports the frigate Deane having arrived at Boston the previous Friday “after a short passage from France”, taking five prizes on the way home. Ordered to sea on a cruise to the West Indies in February 1782, the vessel left Boston on 10 March and returned nine weeks later on 17 May 1782. During that time she took the unarmed merchant ship Mary bound from Belfast to Barbados with a cargo of provisions and dry goods on 9 April. Two days later, the 32-gun frigate Deane captured the 14-gun HMS Jackal and her crew of 52 under the command of Royal Navy Lieutenant Gustavus Logie before the cutter could run under the cover of Barbados. Some claim the Jackal was the last British warship to surrender to a Continental Navy vessel. On 4 May 1782, the Deane captured the 14-gun privateer brig Swallow operating out of Bermuda and also retook the North Carolina brig Elizabeth bound from that state to St. Thomas. After capturing the 18-gun privateer ship Regulator and her crew of 75 men on 10 May 1782, frigate Deane sailed home to Boston with her recent prizes and her decks filled with prisoners and sick crewmen. I have not yet been able to determine the location of the original roll in the Massachusetts Archives Collection.

Adams, John. Seaman, frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. S. Nicholson; enlisted Dec. 4, 1781; roll made up to May 31, 1782; enlistment, 12 months; reported transferred to “Alliance,” Dec. 21, 1781. (1/56)

Allen, Samuel. Seaman, frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. S. Nicholson; engaged Nov. 30, 1781; roll made up to May 31, 1782; service, 6 mos.; enlistment, 12 months. Frigate “Hague,” commanded by Capt. John Manley; receipt for wages to May 10, 1783. (1/186)

Ames, Eli. Marine, frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. S. Nicholson; enlisted Feb. 23, 1782; roll made up to May 31, 1782; service, 3 mos. 8 days; enlistment, 5 months. Frigate “Hague,” commanded by Capt. J. Manley; receipt for wages to May 10, 1783. (1/216)

Ames, Moses. Corporal of Marines, frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. S. Nicholson; engaged Feb. 23, 1782; roll made up to May 31, 1782; service, 3 mos. 8 days; engagement, 5 months; reported re-entered service. Frigate “Hague,” commanded by Capt. J. Manley; receipt for wages to May 10, 1783. (1/221)

Anderson, James. Seaman, frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. S. Nicholson; engaged Nov. 24, 1781; roll made up to May 31, 1782; engagement, 12 months; reported transferred to the “Alliance,” Dec. 21, 1781. (1/234)

Arcant, John. Marine, frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. S. Nicholson; engaged Nov. 19, 1781; roll made up to May 31, 1782; engagement, 12 months; reported “run.” (1/285)

Arnold, Aaron. Seaman, frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. S. Nicholson; engaged Feb. 18, 1782; roll made up to May 31, 1782; service, 3 mos. 13 days (1/297)

Ashburnham, John. Boy, frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. S. Nicholson; engaged April 10, 1782; roll made up to May 31, 1782; service, 1 mo. 21 days; reported Capt. Nicholson’s apprentice. (1/310)

Audiburt or Audebert, Isaiah. Midshipman, frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. S. Nicholson; engaged Nov. 20, 1781; roll made up to May 31, 1782; service, 6 mos. 11 days. Receipt for wages for service to May 10, 1783, on frigate “Hague,” commanded by Capt. John Manley. (1/350)

Barber, Benjamin. Marine, frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. S. Nicholson; engaged Dec. G, 1781; roll made up to May 31, 1782; service, 5 mos. 25 days; engagement, 5 months. (1/585)

Barker, Benjamin. Landsman, frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. S. Nicholson; engaged Feb. 18, 1782; roll made up to May 31, 1782; service, 3 mos. 13 days. (1/605)

Bates, Benjamin. Marine, frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson engaged Nov. 22, 1781; roll made up to May 31, 1782; service, 6 mos. 9 days engagement, 5 months. (1/782)

Bates, Jabez. Seaman, frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Nov. 29, 1781; roll made up to May 31, 1782; service, 6 mos. 1 day. (1/788)

Bennet, Isaac. Marine, frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Dec. 1, 1781; roll made up to May 31, 1782; service, 6 mos.; engagement, 5 months. (1/948)

Bennet, William. Drummer, brigantine “Tyrannicide,” commanded by Capt. John Cathcart; engaged July 1, 1779; discharged Sept. 6, 1779; service, 2 mos. 6 days; also, Drummer, frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Jan. 21, 1782; roll made up to May 31, 1782; service, 4 mos. 10 days; engagement, 12 months. Receipt for wages for service to May 10, 1783, on board the frigate “Hague,” commanded by Capt. J. Manley. (1/954)

Blake, John. Seaman, frigate “Boston,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Tucker; engaged March 23, 1779 [service not given]; also, warrant to pay officers and crew of the brigantine “Pallas,” commanded by Capt. James Johnson, for service on expedition to Penobscot from July 3, 1779, to Aug. 20, 1779; also, Seaman, ship “Mars,” commanded by Capt. Simeon Samson; engaged July 19, 1780; discharged March 12, 1781; service, 7 mos. 23 days; also, Seaman, ship “Mars,” commanded by Capt. James Nevins; engaged April 18, 1781; discharged June 12, 1781; service, 1 mo. 24 days; roll dated Boston; also, Seaman, frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson ; engaged Nov. 20, 1781; roll made np to May 31, 1782; service, 6 mos. 11 days; also, receipt for wages for service to May 10, 1783, on board the frigate “Hague,” commanded by Capt. John Manley, dated May 31, 1783. (2/132)

Blasedell, Nathaniel. Seaman, frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Feb. 4, 1782; roll made up to May 31, 1782; service, 3 mos. 27 days; engagement, 12 months. (2/171)

Blood, Royal. Marine, frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Feb. 25, 1782; roll made up to May 31, 1782; service, 3 mos. 6 days; engagement, 5 months; also, receipt for wages for service to July 25, 1782, on board the frigate “Hague,” commanded by Capt. John Manley, dated Boston, Aug. 20, 1783. (2/209)

Bonnel, Jean. Captain’s Cook, frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Nov. 2, 1781; roll made up to May 31, 1782; engagement, 12 months; reported “run.” (2/264)

Borgatt, John. Marine, frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Nov. 20, 1781; roll made up to May 31, 1782; engagement, 12 months; reported “run.” (2/286)

Boswell, Samuel. Seaman, frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged May 3, 1782; service, 28 days, to May 31, 1782. (2/296)

Bourford, Nicholas. Gunner’s Mate, frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Nov. 20, 1781; service to May 31, 1782, 6 mos. 11 days; engagement, 12 months. (2/306)

Bowen, Peter. Boy, frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Feb. 5, 1782; discharged March 5, 1782; service, 1 mo. (2/330)

Bradford, Richard. Seaman, frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Dec. 17, 1781; service to May 31, 1782, 5 mos. 14 days; engagement, 12 months; also, receipt for wages for service to May 10, 1783, on frigate “Hague,” commanded by Capt. John Manley. (2/406)

Bremont, Alexis. Marine, frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Nov. 19, 1781; engagement, 12 months; reported turned over to the “Alliance” Dec. 21, 1781; also, receipt for wages for service to May 10, 1783, on board frigate “Hague,” commanded by Capt. John Manley. (2/460)

Bridges, Isaac. Volunteer, frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged March 1, 1782; service to May 31, 1782, 3 mos.; engagement, 5 months. (2/489)

Bright, George. Midshipman, frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Oct. 7, 1781; service to May 31, 1782, 7 mos. 24 days; engagement, 12 months; also, receipt for wages for service to May 10, 1783, on frigate “Hague,” commanded by Capt. John Manley. (2/535)

Brightwell, John. Ordinary Seaman, frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Nov. 19, 1781; service to May 31, 1782, 6 mos. 12 days; engagement, 12 months. (2/538)

Brimmer, Peter. Marine, frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Dec. 8, 1781; service to May 31, 1782, 5 mos. 23 days; engagement, 12 months. (2/546)

Brown, James. Seaman, frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Dec. 22, 1781; service to May 31, 1782, 5 mos. 9 days; engagement, 12 months. (2/633)

Brown, John. Boy, frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged May 8, 1781; service to May 31, 1782, 12 mos. 23 days; engagement, 12 months; reported Mr. McCavers’ apprentice. (2/650)

Brown, John. Seaman, frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Dec. 14, 1781; service to May 31, 1782, 5 mos. 17 days. Receipt for wages for service to May 10, 1783, on frigate “Hague,” commanded by Capt. J. Manley. (2/650)

Bryant, James. Seaman, frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Nov. I6, 1781; service to May 31, 1782, 6 mos. 15 days. (2/729)

Bryant, William. Boatswain’s Mate, frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Jan. 21, 1782; service to May 31, 1782, 4 mos. 10 days. (2/739)

Burril, Humphrey. Seaman, frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Feb. 27, 1782; service to May 31, 1782, 3 mos. 4 days. (2/904)

Caddot, James. Boy, frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged May 3, 1782; service to May 31, 1782, 28 days; reported apprentice to Capt. Nicholson. (3/3)

Callister, James. Seaman, frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged April 10, 1782; service to May 31, 1782, 1 mo. 21 days. (3/34)

Camp, Mial. Marine, frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Dec. 20, 1781; service to May 31, 1782, 5 mos. 11 days. (3/47)

Campbell, Arnold. Cooper’s Mate, frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Feb. 21, 1782; service to May 31, 1782, 3 mos. 10 days. (3/50)

Carter, Peter. Seaman, frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged May 3, 1782; service to May 31, 1782, 28 days. (3/160)

Casson, Miles. Acting Midshipman, frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged April 18, 1782; service to May 31, 1782, 1 mo. 13 days; also, receipt for wages for service to May 10, 1783, on board frigate “Hague,” commanded by Capt. John Manley; also, receipt signed by Thomas Lambert for wages, etc., due said Casson for service from May 10, 1783, to Aug. 30, 1783, 3 mos. 20 days, on frigate “Hague,” commanded by Capt. John Manley. (3/193)

Caswell, Richard. Ship’s Cook, frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Nov. 19, 1781; service, 2 mos. 19 days; engagement, 12 months; reported died Feb. 12, 1782. (3/205)

Caswell, Samuel. Captain’s Clerk, frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Oct. 4, 1781; service to May 31, 1782, 7 mos. 27 days; engagement, 12 months; reported Capt. Nicholson’s apprentice. (3/205)

Champny, Benjamin. Seaman, frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Feb. 15, 1782; service to May 31, 1782, 3 mos. 16 days; engagement, 12 months. (3/281)

Chandler, Josiah. Sergeant of Marines, frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Dec. 1, 1781; service to May 31, 1782, 6 mos.; engagement, 5 months. (3/293)

Chappel, alias Jones, Joshua. Letter to the Board of War dated Boston, May -, 1780, signed by Lieut. Edward Phelon, stating that said Chappel, a deserter from the Continental Army, was serving on board the frigate “Deane” and that he had retained the prize money in agent’s hands due said Chappel. (3/336)

Chatty, Thomas. Boy, frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Feb. 22, 1782; service to May 31, 1782, 3 mos. 9 days. (3/372)

Chorly, Christopher. Boy, frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged April 10, 1782; service to May 31, 1782, 1 mo. 21 days; reported Capt. Nicholson’s apprentice. (3/431)

Claridge, Francis. Armorer’s Mate, frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Jan. 2, 1782; service to May 31, 1782,4 mos. 29 days; engagement, 12 months. (3/505)

Clarke, William. Seaman, frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Dec. 14, 1781; service to May 31, 1782, 5 mos. 7 days. (3/603)

Coats, Benjamin. Marine, frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Dec. 1, 1781; service, 6 mos.; enlistment, 5 months; reported died May 31, 1782. (3/660)

Cochran, Richard. Boatswain, frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged May 1, 1781; service to May 31, 1782, 13 mos. (3/697)

Cokle, William. Seaman, frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nichol- son; engaged April 10, 1782; service to May 31, 1782, 1 mo. 21 days. (3/730)

Cole, John. Boatswain’s Mate, frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Feb. 28, 1782; service to May 31, 1782, 3 mos. 3 days. (3/773)

Conn, William. Marine, frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Feb. 25, 1782; service to May 31, 1782, 3 mos. 6 days; engagement, 5 months. (3/896)

Connor, Thomas. Seaman, frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Jan. 10, 1782; reported transferred to hospital Feb. 15, 1782. (3/903)

Coomer, William. Fifer, frigate ” Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Nov. 28, 1781; service to May 31, 1782; engagement, 12 months; reported returned to the army. (3/973)

Cox, Elias. Marine, frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Dec. 17, 1781; discharged March 1, 1782; service, 2 mos. 14 days. (4/49)

Cox, Thomas. Seaman, frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Dec. 7, 1781; service to May 31, 1782, 5 mos. 24 days; engagement, 12 months; reported as Capt. Nicholson’s apprentice. (4/55)

Crooker, Tilden. Sergeant of Marines, frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Oct. 10, 1781; service to May 31, 1781, 7 mos. 21 days; engagement, 12 months; also, receipt dated May 17, 1783, for wages for service to May 10, 1783, on board the frigate “Hague,” commanded by Capt. John Manley. (4/143)

Crosby, London. Barber, frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Nov. 5,1781; service to May 31, 1782, 6 mos. 26 days; engagement, 12 months. (4/153)

Crosier, Robert. Seaman, frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged April 12, 1782; service to May 31, 1782, 1 mo. 19 days. (4/159)

Cruch, Richard. Cooper, frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Nov. 5, 1781; service to May 31, 1782, 6 mos. 26 days; engagement, 12 months; reported “discharged being sick.” (4/196)

Cubben John. Seaman, frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged. Jan. 28, 1782; service to May 31, 1782, 4 mos. 3 days; engagement, 12 months; also, receipt dated May 22, 1783, for wages for service to May 10, 1783, on board the frigate “Hague,” commanded by Capt. John Manley. (4/199)

Cumberford, Edward. Seaman, frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Jan. 1, 1782; service to May 31, 1782, 5 mos.; engagement, 12 months; also, receipt dated May 22, 1783, for wages for service to May 10, 1783, on board frigate “Hague,” commanded by Capt. John Manley. (4/207)

Cutler, Charles. Marine, frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Feb. 28, 1782; service to May 31, 1782, 3 mos. 3 days; also, Seaman, State sloop ” Winthrop,” commanded by Capt. George Little; engaged Oct. 5, 1782; discharged Nov. 25, 1782; service, 1 mo. 20 days; roll sworn to at Boston (4/320)

Davis, Edward. Tailor, frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Dec. 12, 1781; service, 1 mo.; engagement, 12 months; reported “run Jan. 12, 1782.” (4/484)

Davis, Israel. Landsman, frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Nov. 1, 1781; service, to May 31, 1782, 7 mos.; engagement, 12 mouths; reported carpenter’s yeoman. Receipt dated May 22, 1783, for wages for service to May 10, 1783, on board the frigate “Hague,” commanded by Capt. John Manley. (4/493)

Davis, Rufus. Seaman, State brig “Hazard,” commanded by Capt. John Foster Williams; engaged July 3, 1778; discharged Oct. 14, 1778; service, 3 mos. 13 days; also. Seaman, brigantine “Tyrannicide,” commanded by Capt. John Cathcart; engaged May 20, 1779; discharged June 23, 1779; service, 1 mo. 3 days; also. Marine, frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Nov. 22, 1781; service to May 31, 1782, 6 mos. 9 days; engagement, 12 months; also, receipt for wages for service to May 10, 1783, on board the frigate “Hague,” commanded by Capt. John Manley. (4/536)

Davis, William. Sailmaker’s Mate, frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Feb. 18, 1782; service to May 31, 1782, 3 mos. 13 days. (4/552)

Dearing, Daniel. Seaman, frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Nov. 20, 1781; service to May 31, 1782, 6 mos. 11 days; engagement, 12 months; also, receipt for wages for service to May 10, 1783, on board the frigate “Hague,” commanded by Capt. John Manley. (4/627)

Dickery, William. Seaman, frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged April 18, 1782; service to May 31, 1782, 1 mo. 13 days. (4/742)

Dillaway, Arthur. 2d Lieutenant, frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged May 1, 1781; service to May 31, 1782, 13 mos. Receipt for wages for service to May 10, 1783, on board frigate “Hague,” commanded by Capt. John Manley; also, receipt for wages from May 19, 1783, to Oct. 15, 1783, for service on board frigate “Hague,” commanded by Capt. Manley. (4/770)

Dillaway, Henry. Ordinary Seaman, frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Oct. 12, 1781; service to May 31, 1782, 7 mos. 9 days; engagement, 12 months. (4/771)

Dilligant, William. Landsman, frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged April 10, 1782; service to May 31, 1782, 1 mo. 21 days; re- ported Capt. Nicholson’s apprentice. (4/773)

Divortis, John. Marine, frigate, “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Dec. 4, 1781; service to May 31, 1782, 5 mos. 27 days; engagement, 12 months. (4/795)

Dogget, Seth. Sailmaker, frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Jan. 10, 1782; service to May 31, 1782, 4 mos. 21 days; engagement, 12 months; reported “Capt. Nicholson receives his wages.” (4/845)

Donevan, Mark. Seaman, frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Dec. 7, 1781; service to May 31, 1782, 5 mos. 24 days; engagement, 12 months. (4/867)

Dougherty, Dennis. Steward’s Mate, frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Nov. 16, 1781; service to May 31, 1782; reported turned over to the “Alliance” Dec. 21, 1781. (4/898)

Dowdy, William. Seaman, frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged May 3, 1782; service to May 31, 1782, 28 days. (4/917)

Drake, Edward. Seaman, frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Dec. 7, 1781; roll made up to May 31, 1782; engagement, 12 months; reported “run.” (4/946)

Drake, William. Seaman, frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged April 10, 1782; service to May 31, 1782, 1 mo. 21 days. (4/956)

Dunwill, John. Boy, frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Feb. 21, 1782; service to May 31, 1782, 3 mos. 10 days. (5/75)

Du Verge, Pierre. Seaman, frigate ” Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Dec. 14, 1781; reported turned over to the “Alliance” Dec. 21, 1781. (5/104)

Dwelly, John. Boy, frigate ” Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Feb. 2, 1782; service to May 31, 1782, 3 mos. 29 days; engagement, 5 months. (5/107)

Edwards, Thomas. Ordinary Seaman, frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Nov. 27, 1781; [service not given]; engagement, 12 months ; reported turned over to the “Alliance” Dec. 21, 1781. (5/245)

Ellis, John. Carpenter’s Mate, frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Oct. 10, 1781; service to May 31, 1782,7 mos. 21 days; engagement, 12 months. Receipt dated July 9, 1783, for wages for service to May 10, 1783, on board the frigate “Hague,” commanded by Capt. John Manley. (5/308)

Everson, George Richey. Seaman, frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Nov. 20, 1781; service to May 31, 1782; reported returned to the army. (5/432)

Farrington, Thomas. Marine, frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Feb. 23, 1782; service to May 31, 1782, 3 mos. 8 days; enlistment, 5 months; reported re-entered. (5/550)

Field, Limas. Seaman, frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged May 1, 1781; service, 8 mos.; engagement, 12 months; reported a servant to Capt. Nicholson; also reported died Dec. 31, 1781. (5/652)

Fisk, David. Fifer, frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Feb. 11, 1782; service to May 31, 1782, 3 mos. 20 days; enlistment, 5 months. (5/719)

Fisk, John. Marine, ship “Protector,” commanded by Capt. John Foster Williams; engaged Nov. 27, 1780; returned from captivity Jan. 6, 1782; service, 13 mos. 9 days; also. Marine, frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Feb. 11, 1782; service to May 31, 1782, 3 mos. 20 days; engagement, 5 months. (5/723)

Fleming, William. Midshipman, frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged May 1, 1781; service to May 31, 1782, 13 mos.; engagement, 12 months. Receipt for wages for service to May 10, 1783, on board the frigate “Hague,” commanded by Capt. John Manley. (5/768)

Frances, Levi. Marine, frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Jan. 1, 1782; service to May 31, 1782; engagement, 12 months; reported “run.” (6/3)

Francisco, Jacob. Quarter Gunner, frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Nov. 21, 1781; service to May 31, 1782; engagement, 12 months; reported “run.” (6/14)

Franks, Thomas. Seaman, frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged April 12, 1782; service to May 31, 1782, 1 mo. 19 days. (6/20)

Frazier, John. Midshipman, frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Oct. 16, 1781; service, 3 mos. 27 days; reported drowned Feb. 12, 1782; engagement, 12 months. (6/25)

French, Robert. Quarter Master, frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Dec. 4, 1781; engagement, 12 months; reported “run.” (6/88)

Frisby, Jonah. Midshipman, frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Nov. 20, 1781; service to May 31, 1782, 6 mos. 11 days; engagement, 12 months. (6/104)

Frost, Jonathan. Marine, frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Feb. 25, 1782; service to May 31, 1782, 3 mos. 6 days; engagement, 5 months. Receipt dated June 27, 1783, for wages for service to July 25, 1782, on board the frigate “Hague,” commanded by Capt. John Manley. (6/116)

Fuller, Thaddeus. Master-at-arms, frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Dec. 27, 1781; service to May 31, 1782, 5 mos. 4 days; also, Quarter Master, State sloop “Winthrop,” commanded by Capt. George Little; engaged Dec. 14, 1782; discharged March 17, 1783; service, 3 mos. 4 days; roll sworn to in Suffolk Co. (6/190)

Gallard, James. Seaman, frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Feb. 11, 1782; service to May 31, 1782, 3 mos. 20 days; engagement, 12 months; also, receipt for wages for service to May 10, 1783, on board the frigate “Hague,” commanded by Capt. John Manley. (6/237)

Gardner, Joseph. Boy, frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Feb. 21, 1782; service to May 31, 1782, 3 mos. 10 days. (6/273)

Garnett, Laban. Boy, frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Feb. 5, 1782; service to May 31, 1782, 3 mos. 26 days; engagement, 5 months; also, receipt dated June 26, 1783, for wages for service to July 5, 1782, on board the frigate “Hague,” commanded by Capt. John Manley. (6/293)

Garrick, William. Seaman, frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Dec. 7, 1781; service to May 31, 1782, 5 mos. 24 days; engagement, 12 months; reported deserted and returned. (6/297)

Gosse, Jean Survain. Marine, frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Dec. 17, 1781; engagement, 12 months; reported turned over to the “Alliance” Dec. 21, 1781. (6/655)

Granger, Peter. Seaman, frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Dec. 15, 1781; service, 2 mos. 28 days; engagement, 12 months; reported died March 12, 1782. (6/722)

Green, Eli. Marine, frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Dec. 20, 1781; service to May 31, 1782, 5 mos. 11 days. (6/802)

Grindly, John. Boy, frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Feb. 16, 1782; service to May 31, 1782, 3 mos. 15 days; engagement, 12 months; reported as Capt. Nicholson’s apprentice. (6/899)

Grosse, Thomas. Seaman, frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Feb. 2, 1782; service to May 31, 1782, 3 mos. 29 days; engagement, 5 months. (6/911)

Gurney, Lemuel Private, Capt. Lieut. William Burbeck’s co.; enlisted Jan. 5, 1780; service to Oct. 24, 1781, 21 mos. 21 days, under His Excellency John Hancock; company raised for defence of Castle and Governor’s Islands ; roll sworn to at Boston; also, Capt. Thomas Cushing’s co.; service from Oct. 25, 1781, 4 mos. 3 days; reported went in the “Dean” Feb. 27, 1782; company raised for defence of Castle and Governor’s Islands; roll sworn to at Boston; also, Seaman, frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Feb. 27, 1782; service to May 31, 1782, 3 mos. 4 days; also. Private, Capt. Thomas Cushing’s co.; service to Nov. 24, 1782, 6 mos. 3 days; reported returned from the “Dean” May 22, 1782; company raised for defence of Castle and Governor’s Islands. (6/961)

Hacker, John. Acting Midshipman, frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Dec. 6, 1781; service to May 31, 1782, 5 mos. 25 days; reported appointed Coxswain March 1, 1782; also, receipt dated May 30, 1783, signed by said Hacker, for wages for service to May 10, 1783, on board the frigate “Hague,” commanded by Capt. John Manley. (7/4)

Hall, John. Boy, frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged April 10, 1782; service to May 31, 1782, 1 mo. 21 days; reported as Capt. Nicholson’s apprentice. (7/92)

Hamilton, Thomas. Ordinary Seaman, frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Nov. 27, 1781; engagement, 12 months; reported turned over to the “Alliance” Dec. 21, 1781. (7/162)

Handson, Luke. Seaman, frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Feb. 21, 1782; service to May 31, 1782, 3 mos. 10 days. (7/218)

Hanson, Robert. Boy, frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Dec. 7, 1781; service to May 31, 1782, 5 mos. 24 days; engagement, 12 months; said Hanson reported as Capt. Nicholson’s apprentice. (7/241)

Harrison, Thomas. Seaman, frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged April 10, 1782; service to May 31, 1782, 1 mo. 21 days. (7/366)

Havens, William. Marine, frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Dec. 1, 1781; service to May 31, 1782,6 mos.; engagement, 5 months. (7/545)

Hawkins, Joseph. Marine, frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Feb. 22, 1782; service to May 31, 1782, 3 mos. 9 days; also, receipt dated June 20, 1783, for wages for service to May 10, 1783, on board the frigate “Hague,” commanded by Capt. John Manley. (7/559)

Hayes, Richard. Seaman, frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged April 10, 1782; service to May 31, 1782, 1 mo. 21 days. (7/596)

Hayward, Benjamin. Quarter Master, frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Nov. 6, 1781; service to May 31, 1782, 6 mos. 25 days; engagement, 12 months. (7/614)

Hibbard, Timothy. Marine, frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nichol- son; engaged Feb. 23, 1782; service to May 31, 1782, 3 mos. 8 days; also, receipt dated May 31, 1783, for wages to May 10, 1783, for service on board the frigate “Hague,” commanded by Capt. John Manley. (7/812)

Hilt, Johan. Seaman, frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Jan. 4, 1782; service to May 31, 1782, 4 mos. 27 days; engagement, 12 months. (7/923)

Hinday, Thomas. Seaman, frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Feb. 16, 1782; service to May 31, 1782, 3 mos. 15 days; engagement, 12 months. (7/934)

Hodgson, Joseph. Seaman, frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged April 10, 1782; service to May 31, 1782, 1 mo. 21 days. (8/53)

Hoisington, “Velina.” Marine, frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Feb. 22, 1782; service to May 31, 1782, 3 mos. 9 days; also, receipt dated Boston, June 7, 1782, for bounty paid said Hoisington by Alexander Hodgdon, on behalf of a committee of the town of Boston, to serve in the Continental Army for the term of 3 years. (8/62)

Holden, James. Marine, frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Jan. 10, 1782; service to May 31, 1782, 4 mos. 21 days. (8/100)

Holden, Richard. Marine, frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged March 1, 1782; service to May 31, 1782, 3 mos. (8/111)

Horton, Elijah. Seaman, frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Dec. 21, 1781; service to May 31, 1782, 5 mos. 10 days; engagement, 12 months; reported deserted but returned. (8/267)

Hunt, Samuel. Boy, frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Feb. 14, 1782; service to May 31, 1782, 3 mos. 17 days; engagement, 12 months; also, receipt dated May 29, 1783, signed by Elizabeth Hunt, for wages due her son, said Hunt, for service to May 10, 1783, on board the frigate “Hague,” commanded by Capt. John Manley. (8/538)

Hurlbutt, Enoch. Surgeon’s Mate, frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Dec. 1, 1781; service to May 31, 1782, 6 mos.; engagement, 5 months. (8/564)

Hutchins, David. Marine, frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Feb. 23, 1782; service to May 31, 1782, 3 mos. 8 days. (8/579)

Hutton, James. Seaman, frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged March 22, 1782; service to May 31, 1782, 2 mos. 9 days. (8/593)

Jackson, Henry W. (also given Harry W.). Master s Mate, frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Feb. 27, 1782; service to May 31, 1782, 3 mos. 4 days; engagement, 12 months; also, receipt dated May 27, 1783, for wages for service to May 10, 1783, on board the frigate “Hague,” commanded by Capt. John Manley. (8/669)

Jackson, Josiah. Quarter Gunner, frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Feb. 14, 1782; service to May 31, 1782, 3 mos. 17 days; engagement, 12 months. Receipt dated Boston, May 13, 1783, for wages for service to May 10, 1783, on board the frigate “Hague,” commanded by Capt. John Manley. (8/679)

Jeffers, Peter. Seaman, frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Dec. 7, 1781; service to May 31, 1782, 5 mos. 24 days; engagement, 12 months. Receipt dated May 13, 1783, for wages for service to May 10, 1783, on board the frigate “Hague,” commanded by Capt. John Manley. (8/733)

Jones, James. Steward s Mate, frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Jan. 11, 1782; service to May 31, 1782, 4 mos. 20 days; engagement, 5 months. (8/927)

Jones, John. Seaman, frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Dec. 7, 1781; service to May 31, 1782, 5 mos. 24 days; engagement, 12 months. (8/935)

Jones, Joshua (alias Joshua Chappel), Letter from Lieut. Edward Phelon to the Board of War, dated Boston, May -, 1780, stating that he had learned that Jones and others, deserters from the Continental Army, were serving on board the frigate “Deane,” and that he had secured the retention of the prize money due them in the hands of the ship’s agent. (8/942) See Samuel Jones alias Samuel Chappel (3/336) Account dated Boston, July 12, 1780, rendered by Ensign Edward Phelon, for reward for apprehending said Jones and others, deserters from Col. Henry Jackson s regt., and returning them to said regiment; warrant allowed in Council July 19, 1780; also, certificate dated Boston, Sept. 25, 1780, signed by John Rice, Town Major, stating that said Jones, with others, had been apprehended by Ensign Edward Phelon as deserters and placed in jail; age, 30 yrs.; stature, 5 ft. 5 in.; complexion, brown ; occupation, cordwainer.] (8/955)

Jones, William Williams. Landsman, frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged March 2, 1782; service to May 31, 1782, 2 mos. 29 days; also, Seaman, State ship “Tartar,” commanded by Capt. John Cathcart; engaged July 27, 1782; discharged Nov. 21, 1782; service, 3 mos. 25 days; roll sworn to at Boston. (8/970)

Keen, Tubal. Acting Midshipman, frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Feb. 18, 1782; service to May 31, 1782, 3 mos. 13 days; also, receipt dated Boston, April 19, 1784, for wages for service to May 10, 1783, on board the frigate “Hague,” commanded by Capt. John Manley. (9/20)

Keith, Timothy. Seaman, ship “Mars,” commanded by Capt. Simeon Samson; engaged July 20, 1780; discharged March 12, 1781; service, 7 mos. 22 days; also. Seaman, frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Nov. 20, 1781; service to May 31, 1782, 6 mos. 11 days; also, receipt dated May 31, 1783, for wages for service to May 10, 1783, on board the frigate “Hague,” commanded by Capt. John Manley. (9/41)

Kemp, John. Quarter Master, frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; enlisted Dec. 22, 1781; service to May 31, 1782, 5 mos. 9 days; engagement, 12 months. (9/85)

Kennedy, Patrick. Seaman, frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Jan. 10, 1782; engagement, 12 months; reported died March 5, 1782. (9/116)

Kennedy, Peter. Seaman, frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged May 3, 1782; service to May 31, 1782, 28 days. (9/116)

Killy, James. Landsman, frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Jan. 3, 1782; service to May 31, 1782, 4 mos. 28 days; engagement, 12 months. (9/195)

Knies, Michael. Midshipman, ship ” Alfred,” commanded by Capt. John Paul Jones ; list of men entitled to prize shares in the ship ” Mellish ” and brig “Active” [year not given]; also, 3d Lieutenant, frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson ; engaged May 1, 1781; service to May 31, 1782, 13 mos.; also, receipt dated July 7, 1783, signed by Susanna Knies, administratrix, for wages due her late husband, said Knies, for service to Feb. 27, 1783, on board the frigate ” Hague,” commanded by Capt. J. Manley. (9/341)

Knox, James. Seaman, frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Dec. 22, 1781; service to May 31, 1782, 5 mos. 9 days; also, receipt dated May 20, 1783, for wages for service to May 10, 1783, on board the frigate “Hague,” commanded by Capt. John Manley. (9/392)

Lambert, James. Ship’s Steward, frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Sept. 24, 1781; service to May 31, 1782, 8 mos. 7 days; engagement, 12 months. Receipt dated May 24, 1783, for wages for service to May 10, 1783, on board the frigate “Hague,” commanded by Capt. John Manley. (9/442)

Lampier, Amos. Seaman, frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Dec. 7, 1781; service to May 31, 1782, 5 mos. 24 days; engagement, 12 months. (9/449)

Langdon, Richard. Purser, frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged May 1, 1781; service to May 31, 1782, 13 mos.; also, receipt dated June 28, 1783, for wages for service to May 10, 1783, on board the frigate “Hague,” commanded by Capt. John Manley; also, receipt dated Dec. 15, 1783, for wages for service from May 10, 1783, to Aug. 29, 1783, on board the frigate “Hague,” commanded by Capt. John Manley. (9/490)

Launey, Augustin. Baker, frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Jan. 4, 1782; reported returned to French consul. (9/547)

Launey, Peter. Seaman, frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Nov. 15, 1781; service to May 31, 1782, 6 mos. 16 days. (9/547)

Lawrence, Benjamin. Marine, frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Feb. 25, 1782; service to May 31, 1782, 3 mos. 6 days. (9/563) Lawrance, Benjamin. Receipt dated July 14, 1783, for wages for service to July 23, 1782, on board the frigate ” Hague,” commanded by Capt. John Manley. (9/554)

Lawrence, Rogers. Marine, frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Feb. 23, 1782; service to May 31, 1782, 3 mos. 8 days; engagement, 5 months. Receipt dated May 30, 1783, signed by Asa Lawrence, father of said Lawrence, for wages due his son for service to July 25, 1782, on board the frigate “Hague,” commanded by Capt. John Manley. (9/569)

Lee, Benjamin. Boy, frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Nov. 8, 1781; service to May 31, 1782, 6 mos. 23 days. (9/627)

Lewis, Elisha. Seaman, frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Oct. 15, 1781; service to May 31, 1782, 7 mos. 16 days; reported a deserter from the “Alliance.” Receipt dated May 16, 1783, for wages for service to May 10, 1783, on board the frigate “Hague,” commanded by Capt. John Manley. (9/738)

Lewis, Thomas. Marine, frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Dec. 29, 1781; service to May 31, 1782, 5 mos. 2 days. (9/760)

Litchfield, Ezekiel. Coxswain, frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Nov. 21, 1781; service to May 31, 1782, 6 mos. 10 days; reported reduced to Seaman March 1, 1782; also, Seaman, sloop ” Winthrop,” commanded by Capt. George Little; engaged July 5, 1782 ; discharged Nov. 25, 1782 ; service, 4 mos. 20 days; roll sworn to at Boston. (9/861)

Lock, Nathan. Marine, frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Feb. 11, 1782; service to May 31, 1782, 3 mos. 20 days; engagement 5 months. (9/903)

Lovering, Samuel. Acting Midshipman, frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Feb. 12, 1782; service to May 31, 1782, 3 mos. 19 days. Receipt dated May 23, 1783, for wages for service from May 10, 1783, on board the frigate “Hague,” commanded by Capt. John Manley. (9/1013)

Luce, Ephraim. Marine, frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Feb. 6, 1782; service to May 31, 1782, 3 mos. 25 days; engagement, 12 months. (10/10)

Lucky, William. Quarter Master, frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Nov. 8, 1781; service to May 31, 1782, 6 mos. 23 days; engagement, 12 months; also, receipt dated May 29, 1783, for wages for service to April 2, 1783, on board the frigate “Hague,” commanded by Capt. John Manley. (10/16)

Malcom, John. Tailor, frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Jan. 29, 1782; service to May 31, 1782, 4 mos. 2 days; engagement, 12 months. Receipt dated May 16, 1783, for wages for service to May 10, 1783, on board the frigate “Hague,” commanded by Capt. John Manley. (10/153)

Martini, John Baptista. Marine, Continental frigate ” Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Dec. 27, 1781; service to May 31, 1782, 5 mos. 4 days; engagement, 12 months. (10/303)

McAllony, William. Seaman, frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Jan. 10, 1782; service to May 31, 1782,4 mos. 21 days; engagement, 12 months. (10/413)

McArthy, Daniel. Midshipman, frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Feb. 18, 1782; service to May 31, 1782, 3 mos. 13 days. (10/415)

McCaver, Robert. Master, frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged May 1, 1781; service to May 31, 1782, 13 mos. Receipt dated Oct. 28, 1783, for wages for service to Oct. 15, 1783, on board the frigate “Hague,” commanded by Capt. John Manley. (10/424)

McClanning, Prince. Marine, frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Jan. 20, 1782; service to May 31, 1782, 4 mos. 11 days; engagement, 12 months; also, receipt dated May 28, 1783, for wages for service to May 10, 1783, on board the frigate “Hague,” commanded by Capt. John Manley. (10/429)

McDonald, Patrick. Seaman, frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Jan. 10, 1782; service to May 31, 1782, 4 mos. 21 days; engagement, 12 months. (10/469)

McGill, John. Armorer, Continental frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Nov. 6, 1781; engagement, 12 months; reported turned over to the “Alliance” Dec. 21, 1781. (10/492)

McLane. Paul. Seaman, Continental frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged March 22, 1782; service to May 31, 1782, 2 mos. 9 days. (10/538)

McNeil, John. Corporal of Marines, Continental frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nickerson; engaged Dec. 1, 1781; service to May 31, 1782, 6 mos.; engagement, 5 months. (10/566)

Millar, Leonard. Gunner’s Yeoman, frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Jan. 4, 1782; service to May 31, 1782, 4 mos. 27 days; engagement, 12 months. (10/739)

Mires, William. Boy, Continental frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged April 10, 1782; service to May 31, 1782, 1 mo. 21 days; reported as Capt. Nicholson’s apprentice. (10/823)

Mitchel, Edward. Seaman, Continental frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged April 12, 1782; service to May 31, 1782, 1 mo. 19 days. (10/832)

Molloy, Edward. Quarter Master, Continental frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Nov. 8, 1781; service to May 31, 1782, 6 mos. 23 days; engagement, 12 months; also, receipt dated May 26, 1783, for wages for service to May 10, 1783, on board the frigate “Hague,” commanded by Capt. John Manley. (10/870)

Moon, Charles. Marine, Continental frigate ” Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Dec. 4, 1781; reported turned over to the “Alliance” Dec. 21, 1781. (10/901)

Moor, Thomas. Seaman, Continental frigate ” Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged May 3, 1782; service to May 31, 1782, 28 days. (10/913)

Mopsy, Richard. Seaman, Continental frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged May 3,1782; service to May 31, 1782, 28 days. (10/948)

Morell, Pierre. Seaman, Continental frigate ” Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Dec. 21, 1781; service to May 31, 1782, 5 mos. 10 days. (11/12)

Morriss, William. Seaman, Continental frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged April 18, 1782; service to May 31, 1782, 1 mo. 13 days. (11/70)

Mullegan, Michael. Seaman, Continental frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Dec. 14, 1781; service, 1 mo. 26 days; engagement, 12 months; reported drowned Feb. 12, 1782. (11/188)

Muncoy, Daniel. Seaman, Continental frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Dec. 21, 1781; service to May 31, 1782, 5 mos. 10 days; engagement, 12 months; also, receipt dated May 13, 1783, for wages for service to May 10, 1783, on board the frigate “Hague,” commanded by Capt. John Manley. (11/199)

Munn, John. Marine, Continental frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged March 1,1782; service to May 31, 1782, 3 mos.; engagement, 5 months; also, receipt dated May 31, 1783, for wages for service to May 10, 1783, on board the frigate “Hague,” commanded by Capt. John Manley. (11/205)

Murphy, John. Seaman, Continental frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Feb. 20, 1782; service to May 31, 1782, 3 mos. 11 days; engagement, 12 months. Receipt dated May 16, 1783, for wages for service to May 10, 1783, on board the frigate “Hague,” commanded by Capt. John Manley. (11/239)

Murphy, Thomas. Seaman, Continental frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Feb. 20, 1782; service to May 31, 1782, 3 mos. 11 days; engagement, 12 months. Receipt dated May 24, 1783, signed by James Bourk, for wages due said Murphy for service to May 10, 1783, on board the frigate “Hague,” commanded by Capt. John Manley. (11/240)

Nash, Oliver. Seaman, Continental frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged May 3, 1782; service to May 31, 1782, 28 days. (11/283)

Nevel, John. Seaman, Continental frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged April 10, 1782; service to May 31, 1782, 1 mo. 21 days. (11/328)

Nicholson, Samuel. Captain, Continental frigate “Deane;” engaged Oct. 10, 1781; service to May 31, 1782, 7 mos. 21 days. Receipt dated Oct. 28, 1783, for wages for service to Sept. 14, 1783, on board the frigate “Hague,” commanded by Capt. John Manley. (11/437)

Obriant, William. Seaman, Continental frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Feb. 27, 1782; service to May 31, 1782, 3 mos. 4 days; reported “Deserted from the Army & returned to them again.” (11/615)

Oherin, David. Marine, Continental frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Dec. 4, 1781; term, 12 months; reported turned over to the “Alliance” Dec. 21, 1781. (11/626)

Osbourne, Hugh. Marine, Continental frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Dec. 12, 1781; term, 12 months; reported turned over to the “Alliance” Dec. 21, 1781. (11/692)

Osbourne, John. Boy, Continental frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Feb. 5, 1782; service to May 31, 1782, 3 mos. 26 days; term, 5 months. (11/692)

Osbourne, Michael. Marine, Continental frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Dec. 24, 1781; service to May 31, 1782, 5 mos. 7 days; term, 5 months. (11/692)

Osbourne, Peleg. Marine, Continental frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Dec. 12, 1781; term, 12 months; reported turned over to the “Alliance” Dec. 21, 1781. (11/692)

Osbourne, Thomas. Marine, Continental frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Dec. 12, 1781; term, 12 months; reported turned over to the “Alliance” Dec. 21, 1781. (11/692)

Osbourne, William. Marine, Continental frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Dec. 12, 1781; term, 12 months; reported turned over to the “Alliance” Dec. 21, 1781. (11/692)

Page, Benjamin. 1st Lieutenant, Continental frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Sept. 13, 1781; service to May 31, 1782, 8 mos. 18 days. Receipt dated July 21, 1783, for wages for service to May 10, 1783, on board the frigate “Hague,” commanded by Capt. John Manley; also, receipt dated Sept. 2, 1783, for wages for service from May 10, 1783, to Sept. 1, 1783, on board the frigate ” Hague,” commanded by Capt. John Manley. (11/756)

Page, Thomas. Seaman, Continental frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Nov. 12, 1781; service to May 31, 1782, 6 mos. 19 days. Receipt dated June 9, 1783, for wages for service to May 10, 1783, on board the frigate “Hague,” commanded by Capt. John Manley. (11/770)

Page, William. Gunner, Continental frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Nov. 26, 1781; service to May 31, 1782, 6 mos. 4 days. Receipt dated May 31, 1783, for wages for service to May 10, 1783, on board the frigate “Hague,” commanded by Capt. John Manley. (11/772)

Palmes, Francis. Boy, Continental frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Nov. 7, 1781; service to May 31, 1782, 6 mos. 24 days; term, 12 months. (11/810)

Palmes, Richard. Petition dated July 5, 1780, signed by said Palmes, Captain of Marines, frigate “Boston,” of the Continental Navy, stating that he had been taken prisoner by the enemy at the time of the capture of Charleston, S. C, May 12, 1780, and had been placed upon parole not to engage in the war until exchanged for a British prisoner of equal rank, and as Hector McNeil, Captain of Marines of the British ship ” Somerset,” cast away near Cape Cod, was under a similar parole, requesting that he might be certified to be exchanged for said McNeil ; ordered in Council July 5, 1780, that Joseph Henderson, late Commissary of Prisoners, be directed to carry out the exchange as requested; also, Captain of Marines, Continental frigate ” Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson ; engaged May 1, 1781; service to May 31, 1782, 13 mos. (11/810)

Palmes, Samuel. Midshipman, Continental frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged May 12,1781; service to May 31,4782, 12 mos. 5.) days; term, 12 months. (11/810)

Parker, Imla. Marine, Continental frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Feb. 26, 1782; service to May 31, 1782, 3 mos. 5 days; term, 5 months; reported re-entered; also, receipt dated June 11, 1783, for wages for service to May 10, 1783, on board the frigate “Hague,” commanded by Capt. John Manley. (11/860)

Parker, William. Marine, Continental frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Feb. 25, 1782; service to May 31, 1782, 3 mos. 6 days; term, 5 months; reported re-entered. Receipt dated May 30, 1783, for wages for service to May 10, 1783, on board the frigate “Hague,” commanded by Capt. John Manley. (11/910)

Patterson, Andrew. Cook, Continental frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Feb. 21, 1782; service to May 31, 1782, 3 mos. 10 days. Receipt dated Oct. 10, 1783, for wages for service to May 10, 1783, on board the frigate “Hague,” commanded by Capt. John Manley. (11/1022-3)

Patterson, Stephen. Seaman, Continental frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Dec. 7, 1781; service to May 31, 1782, 5 mos. 24 days; term, 12 months. (11/1028)

Pedley, William. Armorer, Continental frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Feb. 16, 1782; service to May 31, 1782, 3 mos. 15 days; term, 12 months. Receipt dated May 21, 1783, for wages for service to May 10, 1783, on board the frigate “Hague,” commanded by Capt. John Manley. (12/64)

Pierce, John. Seaman, Continental frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged April 12, 1782; service to May 31, 1782, 1 mo. 19 days. (12/375)

Pillsbury, Chase. Marine, Continental frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Jan. 22, 1782; service to May 31, 1782, 1 mos. 9 days; term, 12 months. (12/415) Pilsbury, Chase. Receipt dated May 16, 1783, for wages for service to May 10, 1783, on board the frigate “Hague,” commanded by Capt. John Manley. (12/418)

Piper, John. Boy, Continental frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Oct. 12, 1781; service to May 31, 1782, 7 mos. 19 days. (12/433)

Polloy, “Squash.” Cook’s Mate, Continental frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Feb. 28, 1782; service to May 31, 1782, 3 mos. 3 days. (12/510)

Pool, Samuel. Carpenter’s Yeoman, Continental frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Feb. 25, 1782; service to May 31, 1782; term, 12 months; reported “Run.” (12/551)

Porter, Ezra. Marine, Continental frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Feb. 23, 1782; service to May 31, 1782, 3 mos. 8 days; term, 5 months. (12/589)

Potter, Thomas. Seaman, Continental frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged April 12, 1782; service to May 31, 1782, 1 mo. 19 days. (12/635)

Pribble or Prebble, Henry. Boy, Continental frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged July 1, 1781; service to May 31, 1782, 11 mos.; term, 12 months; reported as Lieut. Dillaway’s apprentice (12/767) Receipt dated Oct. 28, 1783, signed by Arthur Dillaway, for wages for service of said Prebble and Thomas Spencer to May 10, 1783, on board the frigate “Hague,” commanded by Capt. John Manley; also, receipt dated Oct. 28, 1783, signed by Arthur Dillaway, for wages and rations for service of said Prebble and himself on board the frigate “Hague,” commanded by Capt. John Manley. (12/732)

Prisby, William. Acting Midshipman, Continental frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged May 3, 1782; service to May 31, 1782, 28 days. (12/708)

Proctor, Josiah. Marine, Continental frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Feb. 15, 1782; service to May 31, 1782, 3 mos. 16 days; engagement, 12 months. (12/815)

Proctor, Philip. Marine, Continental frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Feb. 15, 1782; service to May 31, 1782, 3 mos. 16 days; term, 12 months. (12/816)

Quin, Peter. Seaman, Continental frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Feb. 28, 1782; service to May 31, 1782, 3 mos. 3 days. (12/893)

Ramsay, Thomas. Seaman, Continental frigate, “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged March 1, 1782; service to May 31, 1782, 3 mos.; term, 12 months. (12/911)

Ramsdell, Joseph. Seaman, Continental frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Feb. 2, 1782; service to May 31, 1782, 3 mos. 29 days; term, 5 months. (12/920) Ramsdale, Joseph. Receipt dated June 7, 1783, for wages for service to July 2, 1782, on board the frigate “Hague,” commanded by Capt. John Manley. (12/912)

Ramsdell, Lot. Seaman, Continental frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Feb. 2, 1782; service to May 31, 1782, 3 mos. 29 days; term, 5 months. (12/921) Receipt dated Oct. 23, 1783, signed by Isaac Josselyn, for wages of said Ramsdale for service to Feb. 29, 1783, on board the frigate “Hague,” commanded by Capt. John Manley. (12/912)

Ramsdell, Simeon. Seaman, Continental frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Feb. 2, 1782; service to May 31, 1782, 3 mos. 29 days; term, 5 months. (12/922)

Ray, Thomas. Seaman, Continental frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Dec. 3, 1781; service to May 31, 1782, 5 mos. 28 days; term, 12 months. (12/997)

Reed, Eliphaz. Seaman, Continental frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Feb. 16, 1782; service to May 31, 1782, 3 mos. 15 days; engagement, 12 months; said Reed’s wages reported as having been paid to Capt. Nicholson and jail fees, £1 9s 8d, also reported as having been paid for him. Receipt dated May 24, 1783, signed by Jeremiah Shuttleworth, for wages due said Reed for service to May 10, 1783, on board the frigate “Hague,” commanded by Capt. John Manley. (13/61)

Reed, Ephraim. Seaman, Continental frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Feb. 23, 1782; service to May 31, 1782, 3 mos. 8 days (13/62)

Reed, Jeremiah. 1st Lieutenant of Marines, frigate ” Boston,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Tucker; engaged Dec. 3, 1778; roll made up for advance pay for 1 month; also, Lieutenant of Marines. Continental frigate ” Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Nov. 15, 1781; service to May 31, 1782, 6 Mos. 16 days; also, receipt dated July 3, 1783, for wages for service to May 10, 1783, on board the frigate “Hague,” commanded by Capt. John Manley; also, receipt dated Dec. 5, 1783, for wages and rations for service from May 10, 1783, to Aug. 29, 1783, on board the frigate ” Hague,” commanded by Capt. Manley. (13/72)

Richards, George. Chaplain, Continental frigate ” Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Nov. 2, 1781; service to May 31, 1782, 6 mos. 2 days. (13/206)

Richards, Jesse. Marine, Continental frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Dec. 29, 1781; term, 12 months; reported ” Run.” (13/208)

Richards, William. Marine, Continental frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Nov. 20, 1781; term, 12 months; reported “Run.” (13/220)

Ridley, Isaac. Boy, Continental frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Nov. 8, 1781; discharged March 1, 1782; service, 3 mos. 20 days. (13/324)

Riley, Joseph. Seaman, Continental frigate ” Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Nov. 15, 1781; service to May 31, 1782, 6 mos. 16 days; term, 12 months; also, receipt dated May 22, 1783, for wages for service to May 10, 1783, on board the frigate “Hague,” commanded by Capt. John Manley. (13/336)

Robbins, Henry. Quarter Master, Continental frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Nov. 2, 1781; service to May 31, 1782, 6 mos. 29 days; term, 12 months. Receipt dated May 22, 1783, signed by Hannah Robbins, for wages due her husband, said Robbins, for service to Jan. 20, 1783, on board the frigate “Hague,” commanded by Capt. John Manley. (13/377)

Robbins, Joseph. Boy, Continental frigate ” Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged May 1, 1781; service to May 31, 1782, 13 mos.; term, 12 months; reported as Capt. Nicholson’s apprentice. (13/384)

Roberts, John. Ordinary Seaman, Continental frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Nov. 27, 1781; term, 12 months; reported turned over to the ” Alliance ” Dec. 21, 1781. (13/407)

Roberts, Thomas. Seaman, Continental frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Feb. 18, 1782; service to May 31, 1782, 3 mos. 11 days. (13/412)

Robinson, Christopher. Gunner’s Mate, Continental frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Feb. 27, 1782; service to May 31, 1782, 3 mos. 4 days. (13/436)

Rock, Thomas. Seaman, Continental frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Feb. 24, 1782; service to May 31, 1782, 3 mos. 7 days; term, 12 months. (13/477)

Rose, John. Seaman, Continental frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Nov. 23, 1781; service to May 31, 1782, 6 mos. 8 days. (13/571)

Ruddock, Edward. Carpenter, Continental frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Sept. 4, 1781; service to May 31, 1782, 8 mos. 27 days; also, receipt dated Oct. 30, 1783, for wages for service to July 23, 1782, on board the frigate “Hague,” commanded by Capt. John Manley. (13/644)

Rusden, Sampson. Seaman, Continental frigate ” Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Dec. 21, 1781; service to May 31, 1782, 5 mos. 10 days; term, 12 months. (13/668)

Saunders, Moses. Marine. Continental frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Nov. 29, 1781; service to May 31, 1782, 6 mos. 1 day. (13/831)

Sawl, Thomas. Boy, Continental frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged April 10, 1782; service to May 31, 1782, 1 mo. 21 days; reported as apprentice to Capt. Nicholson. (13/852)

Scears, John. Drummer, Continental frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Nov. 21, 1781; service to May 31, 1782; term, 12 months; reported turned over to the “Alliance ” Dec. 21, 1781. (13/901)

Scever, William. Ship’s Corporal, Continental frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Dec. 27, 1781; service to May 31, 1782, 5 mos. 4 days; reported ” pd for him when Deserted £1 „ 1 „ 6.” (13/902)

Scott, William. Volunteer, Continental frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Feb. 23, 1782; service to May 31, 1782, 3 mos. 8 days; term, 5 months. (13/930)

Scurry, William. Marine, Continental frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Dec. 4, 1781; term, 12 months; reported turned over to the “Alliance ” Dec. 21, 1781. (13/934)

Shannant, Michael. Seaman, Continental frigate ” Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Dec. 25, 1781; service to May 31, 1782, 5 mos. 6 days; also, receipt dated May 21,1783, signed by Helyer Tanner, for wages due said Shannant for service to May 10,1783, on board the frigate “Hague,” commanded by Capt. John Manley. (14/9)

Shaw, William. Seaman, Continental frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Jan. 10, 1782; service to May 31,1782, 4 mos. 21 days; term, 12 months. (14/74)

Sherridan, Patrick. Yeoman, Continental frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Dec. 6, 1781; service, 1 mo.; term, 12 months; reported drowned Jan. 6, 1782. (14/150)

Shubam, Francis. Marine, Continental frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Dec. 27, 1781; service to May 31, 1782, 5 mos. 4 days; term, 12 months. (14/176)

Simmonds, Edward. Captain of Marines, Continental frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Dec. 1, 1781; service to May 31, 1782, 6 mos. Receipt dated Boston, May 12, 1783, signed by said Simmonds for wages for service to Sept. 9, 1782, on board the frigate “Hague,” commanded by Capt. John Manley. (14/224)

Smith, Elijah. Captain of Marines, Continental frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Dec. 6, 1781; service to May 31, 1782, 5 mos. 25 days; term, 5 months. Receipt dated May 16, 1783, for wages for service to May 10, 1783, on hoard the frigate “Hague,” commanded by Capt. John Manley. (14/389)

Smith, Peter. Seaman, Continental frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Feb. 24, 1782; service to May 31, 1782, 3 mos. 7 days. (14/518)

Smith, Samuel. Acting Lieutenant, Continental frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged March 1, 1782; service to May 31, 1782. (14/538)

Smith, Stephen. Seaman, Continental frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Feb. 23, 1782; service to May 31, 1782, 3 mos. 8 days. (14/558)

Smith, William. Marine, Continental frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Feb. 26,1782; term, 12 months; reported “Run.” (14/583)

Spaulding, Job. Marine, Continental frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Feb. 15, 1782; service to May 31, 1782, 3 mos. 16 days; term, 12 months. (14/689)

Spencer, Anthony. Ordinary Seaman, Continental frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Nov. 28, 1781; service to May 31, 1782, 6 mos. 2 days; term, 12 months; also, receipt dated May 20, 1783, signed by Bartholomew Broaders, for wages due said Spencer for service to Feb. 18,1783, on board the frigate “Hague,” commanded by Capt. John Manley; also, receipt dated June 9, 1783, signed by Bartholomew Broaders, for wages due said Spencer for service to May 10,1783, on board the frigate ” Hague,” commanded by Capt. Manley. (14/716)

Spencer, Thomas. Seaman, Continental frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged May 1, 1781; service to May 31, 1782, 13 mos.; term, 12 months; reported as apprentice to Lieut. Dillaway; also reported absent 1 mo.; also, receipt dated Oct. 28, 1783, signed by Arthur Dillaway, for wages due said Spencer for service to May 10, 1783, on board the frigate “Hague,” commanded by Capt. John Manley. (14/722)

Sprague, Samuel. Boy, Continental frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Jan. 1, 1782; service to May 31, 1782, 5 mos. Receipt dated May 20, 1783, signed by Samuel Sprague, for wages due his son, said Samuel Sprague, for service to May 10, 1783, on board the frigate “Hague,” commanded by Capt. John Manley. (14/761)

St. Medard, Peter. Surgeon’s Mate, Continental frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged May 1, 1781; service to May 31, 1782; term, 12 months ; reported promoted to Chief Surgeon Oct. 24, 1781; also, receipt signed by said St. Medard, for wages for service to May 10, 1783, on board the frigate “Hague,” commanded by Capt. John Manley ; also, receipt dated Dec. 5, 1783, signed by said St. Medard, for wages for service from May 10, 1783, to Aug. 29, 1783, on board the frigate “Hague,” commanded by Capt. John Manley. (15/39)

Stoddard, Isaiah. Seaman, Continental frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Feb. 5, 1782; service to May 31, 1782, 3 mos. 26 days; term, 12 months. (15/64)

Stone, Albemarle. Marine, Continental frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Dec. 1, 1781; service to May 31, 1782, 6 mos.; term, 5 months. (15/83)

Stutson, Matthew. Marine, Continental frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Feb. 12, 1782; service to May 31, 1782, 8 mos. 19 days; term, 5 months. (15/238)

Sulliway, William. Boy, Continental frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Dec. 7, 1781; service to May 31, 1782, 5 mos. 24 days; term, 12 months; reported as apprentice to Capt. Nicholson. (15/249)

Tanner, Helyer. Master’s Mate, Continental frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged May 1, 1781; service to May 31, 1782, 13 mos.; term, 12 months; also, receipt dated Aug. 18, 1783, for wages for service to May 10, 1783, on board the frigate “Hague,” commanded by Capt. John Manley; also, receipt dated Oct. 18, 1783, for wages for service from May 10, 1783, to Aug. 30, 1783, on board the frigate ” Hague,” commanded by Capt. John Manley. (15/379)

Taylor, Thomas. Seaman, Continental frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Feb. 21, 1782; service to May 31, 1782, 3 mos. 10 days. (15/460)

Teague, Charles. Boy, Continental frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Dec. 7, 1781; service to May 31, 1782, 5 mos. 24 days; term, 12 months. (15/465)

Tebot or Tepott, Teapots, Francis. Seaman, Continental frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Jan. 21, 1782; service to May 31, 1782, 4 mos. 10 days; term, 12 months; reported “pd for him when deserted 1.0.0.” Boston, May 1780, stating that he had learned that said Teapots, a Frenchman, and others, deserters from the Continental Army, were serving on board the frigate “Deane,” and that he had secured the retention of the prize money due them in the hands of the ship’s agent. (15/467) (15/469)

Thomas, Nathaniel. Pilot, Continental frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Nov. 27, 1781; term, 12 months; reported ” Run.” (15/607)

Thompson, John. Boy, Continental frigate ” Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Dec. 7, 1781; service to May 31, 1782, 5 mos. 24 days; term, 12 months; reported as apprentice to Capt. Nicholson. (15/644)

Thompson, Thomas. Seaman, Continental frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Dec. 1, 1781; term, 12 months; reported turned over to the “Alliance” Dec. 21, 1781. (15/661)

Threshear, Noah. Marine, Continental frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Feb. 4, 1782; service to May 31, 1782, 3 mos. 27 days; term, 12 months. (15/705)

Tinner, John. Seaman, Continental frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Dec. 7, 1781; service to May 31, 1782, 5 mos. 24 days; term, 12 months. (15/773)

Torry, Nathaniel. Landsman, Continental frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Jan. 26, 1782; service, 4 mos. 5 days; term, 12 months; reported died March 31, 1782. (15/873)

Torry, Warren. Marine, Continental frigate ” Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Nov. 26, 1781; term, 12 months; reported turned over to the “Alliance ” Dec. 21, 1781. (15/875)

Trigance or Trigancy, Joseph. Receipt dated July 26, 1783, signed by said Trigance, Chirurgeon, for wages for service to May 10, 1783, on board the frigate “Hague,” commanded by Capt. John Manley. Assistant Surgeon’s Mate, Continental frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Nov. 30, 1781; service to May 31, 1782, 6 mos. (16/51)

Turner, Luther. Mariner, Continental frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Jan. 10, 1782; service to May 31, 1782, 4 mos. 21 days; term, 12 months. (16/179)

Turner, Winslow. Marine, Continental frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Feb. 6, 1782; service to May 31, 1782, 3 mos. 25 days; term, 5 months. (16/195)

Wail or Wails, Wait, John. Boy, Continental frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Dec. 7, 1781; service to May 31, 1782, 5 mos. 24 days; term, 12 months; reported as apprentice to Lieut. Page. (16/386) John Wails. Receipt dated July 21, 1783, signed by Benjamin Page, for wages due said Wails [or service to May 10, 1783, on board the frigate “Hague,” commanded by Capt. John Manley. (16/388) Wait, John. Individual clothing account [year not given] grouped with other clothing accounts of men probably belonging to the frigate “Hague,” commanded by Capt. John Manley, presumably covering clothing and materials supplied them in 1783; said Wait, apprentice to Benjamin Page, credited with £21 35 9d. (16/396)

Walker, John. Seaman, Continental frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged April 18, 1782; service to May 31, 1782, 1 mo. 13 days. (16/461)

Wall, George. Marine, Continental frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Nov. 20, 1781; service to May 31, 1782, 6 mos. 11 days; term, 12 months; also, receipt dated May 13, 1783, for wages for service to May 10, 1783, on board the frigate “Hague,” commanded by Capt. John Manley. (16/491)

Wallis, Ebenezer. Seaman, Continental frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Nov. 23, 1781; service to May 31, 1782, 6 mos. 8 days; also, receipt dated Nov. 7, 1783, signed by James Hughes, for wages due said Wallis for service to May 10, 1783, on board the frigate “Hague,” commanded by Capt. John Manley. (16/503)

Waterman, William. Lieutenant of Marines, Continental frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Oct. 29, 1781; service to May 31, 1782, 7 mos. 2 days; also, receipt dated Oct. 28, 1783, for wages for service to May 10, 1783, on board the frigate “Hague,” commanded by Capt. John Manley; also, receipt dated Dec. 5, 1783, for wages for service from May 10, 1783, to Aug. 29, 1783, on board the frigate “Hague,” commanded by Capt. John Manley. (16/692)

Whailey, James. Seaman, Continental frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged April 10, 1782; service to May 31, 1782, 1 mo. 21 days. (16/941)

White, Samuel. Major and Volunteer, Continental frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged March 1, 1782; service to May 31, 1782, 3 mos. (17/129)

Whitney, Solomon. Marine, Continental frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Feb. 25, 1782; service to May 31, 1782, 3 mos. 6 days; term, 5 months; reported re-engaged; also, receipt dated Sept. 19, 1783, signed by Obadiah Sawtell, administrator, for wages for service of said Whitney on board the frigate ” Hague,” commanded by Capt. John Manley. (17/250)

Willcut, Joseph. Marine, Continental frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Feb. 14, 1782; service to May 31, 1782, 3 mos. 17 days; term, 12 months. (17/404)

Williams, James. Seaman, Continental frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Dec. 7, 1781; service to May 31, 1782, 5 mos. 24 days; term, 12 months. Receipt dated Aug. 9, 1783, signed by William Burroughs, Administrator, for wages due said Williams for service to May 10, 1783, on board the frigate “Hague,” commanded by Capt. John Manley. (17/442-3)

Williams, John. Seaman, Continental frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Feb. 28, 1782; service to May 31, 1782; term, 12 months; reported “Run.” Receipt dated Oct. 30, 1783, for wages due said Williams for service to May 10, 1783, on board the frigate “Hague,” commanded by Capt. John Manley. (17/455)

Williams, William. Seaman, Continental frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Feb. 28, 1782; service to May 31, 1782, 3 mos. 3 days: term, 12 months. (17/489)

Williamson, James. Landsman, Continental frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged March 1, 1782; service to May 31, 1782, 3 mos.; term, 12 months; also, receipt dated July 17, 1783, signed by Samuel Goodridge, for wages due said Williamson for service to May 10, 1783, on board the frigate “Hague,” commanded by Capt. John Manley. (17/491)

Willson, John. Boy, Continental frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Feb. 23, 1782; service to May 31, 1782, 3 mos. 8 days. (17/542)

Willys, Samuel. Marine, Continental frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Jan. 13, 1782; service to May 31, 1782, 4 mos. 18 days; term, 12 months. (17/552)

Winslow, William. Boy, Continental frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Oct. 18, 1781; service to May 31, 1782, 7 mos. 13 days; engagement, 12 months; reported as Lieut. Page’s apprentice; also, receipt dated July 21, 1783, signed by Benjamin Page, for wages due said Winslow, his apprentice, for service to May 10, 1783, on board the frigate “Hague,” commanded by Capt. John Manley. (17/644)

Winzer, Joseph. Seaman, Continental frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Dec. 14, 1781; service to May 31, 1782, 5 mos. 17 days; term, 12 months. (17/653)

Witherbourne, George. Boy, Continental frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged April 10. 1782: service to May 31, 1782, 1 mo. 21 days; reported as apprentice to Capt. Nicholson. (17/673)

Witherburne, William. Seaman, Continental frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged April 10, 1782; service to May 31, 1782, 1 mo. 21 days. (17/674)

Witherell, John. Seaman, Continental frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Nov. 27, 1781; service to May 31, 1782, 6 mos. 3 days; reported deserted, but returned. (17/677)

Witherell, Oliver. Seaman, Continental frigate “Deane,” commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson; engaged Dec. 29, 1781; service to May 31, 1782, 5 mos. 2 days; term, 12 months; also, receipt dated May 31, 1783, signed by Seth Hatch, for wages due said Witherell for service to May 10, 1783, on board the frigate “Hague,” commanded by Capt. John Manley. (17/678)

Posted in Frigate Deane | Leave a comment

Schooner Amity & Captain Thomas Palmer

The Revolutionary War story of the schooner Amity, Captain Thomas Palmer is told through the 25 documents and receipts representing the settled account of the vessel by John Langdon as the Continental agent of the Marine Committee and Navy Board sold at Northeast Auctions on 14 August 2015. According to the seller’s handwritten bill of sale, the 50-ton schooner with “all her Tackle & Apparrell” was purchased by Langdon “for Acco’t of the United States of America” for the sum of “nine hundred pounds Lawful Money” from Kittery shipwright Stephen Paul on 3 June 1778. This acquisition of the Amity for the use of the Continental Congress are confirmed in a letter from John Langdon to the Congressional Committee for Foreign Affairs posted from Portsmouth on 5 June 1778. This correspondence indicates that the schooner Amity, Captain Palmer, will sail shortly for France, where Palmer will deliver dispatches to the Commissioners at Paris.

Vendors performing work on the vessel in preparation for her impending voyage included; Henry Sherburne for “Iron work Done for ye Amity Packett”, William Hart for “repairing “2 Comp[ass]’s”, John Reed and Joseph Walker for ”Graving the Schooner”, John Cutts for “Mast Hoops, 2 Iron bound Buckets…& bringing 6 water Casks” and Tobias Walker “for making & mending of schooner Amity’s sails”. As evidenced from the settled receipts, Col. John Langdon had authorized work on the schooner Amity’s account well before her purchase on 3 June. An invoice dated 5 May but settled on 6 July 1778 with William Green on behalf of Paul Laighton indicates blocks, pump brakes, hand spikes, log reel, hand pump among many other items were supplied to the vessel up to one month prior to her government ownership. Dates on other receipts including Tobias Warner for tallow and candles, Moses Noble for “My Self…Wm Ham…[and] My Negro Man” in making the topmast, spar, sail boom and yards and Daniel Lunt for “making 1 Speaking Trumpet” also support this premise.

Work in earnest however appears to have begun after the Amity’s purchase for Continental use on 3 June. An invoice from Tobias Lear, cousin to John Langdon and father to George Washington’s personal secretary, indicates the “Beach Graving” began on that date with lumber and spikes supplied the workers on the following day with additional lumber and planking delivered on 5 June 1778. Lear’s bill also includes two days “Gondola hire for Ballasting” noted for that same date. Stephen Sumner completed the preparations for sea as evidenced in his 8 June 1778 receipt for “2-1/2 Days Work fixing ye Rigging of s’d Schooner myself” along with his assistants John Overton and Phillip Clear. Their overtime efforts are noted in the document “NB ye above Days we work’d 14 Hours”. William Langdon’s 6 June 1778 invoice for leather clearly documents his identification of the vessel as “The Continental Schooner Amity.” John Langdon’s itemized and autographed list of “Sundry Disbursements” associated with the schooner Amity dated 6 June 1778 indicates that including wages advanced the master, mate and crew; the total sum spent on the rapid refitting of the vessel was 577 Pounds ,12 Shillings and 11-1/2 Pence including Langdon’s own five percent commission. James Melchen’s 13 June 1778 receipt “for two Days Work on b’d the Schooner Amity” also included payment from Langdon “for three [and] a half Days Landing Goods out of the Duchess de Grammont”. This French ship and her contracted military cargo of uniforms, stockings, copper, tin and flints appear to be the topic of frenzied correspondence between Langdon, Josiah Bartlett, the Board of War and the Commerce Committee of the Continental Congress during June 1778.

As evidenced by a shipping agreement dated at Portsmouth on 2 June 1778, three of the crew were engaged “on Board the Schooner Amity, Thomas Palmer Master, bound from hence to France & back again in the Service of the United States of America” even before the vessel was acquired by Continental Naval agent John Langdon for that purpose. John Elliott, Samuel Broten [aka Broughton], and Josiah Berry were contracted “to perform the Duty of Seamen” at wages of “fifteen Pounds” per month with one months wages agreed to be paid in advance and another months “to be advanced us in France”. Their signatures are witnessed by Joseph Haven and Sameul Penhallow, Jr., whose hand also appears to have drafted the contract. The document trove even includes Berry’s bill from Benjamin Reed for boarding the sailor for the eight days preceeding Amity’s departure on 9 June 1778.

John Corney’s shipping agreement signed at Portsmouth indicates he “ship’t myself in Capacity of Mate on board the Schooner Amity, Thomas Palmer Master bound from hence to France & back again in the Service of the United States of America” on 3 June 1778. Corney was an experienced captain himself having been cleared out of Piscataqua Customs House four years earlier on 7 July 1774 as master of the ship Nelson bound for the West Indies. That presumably successful voyage ended three months later when Corney was cleared in from St. Kitts on 13 October 1774. Corney’s agreed upon wages were “twenty two pounds ten shillings” per month with “Twenty four pounds Advanced Wages before sailing & the like Sum in France & the Residue on my Return”. Receipt for the stated advance is acknowledged at the conclusion of the agreement. A similar shipping agreement was signed by John Sherburne to serve “in the Capacity of a Seaman…at the Rate of Fifteen Pounds” per month or otherwise at so much per month “as Capt Palmer shall judge reasonable in proportion to Others on board sd Schooner.” Apparently satisfied with this less rigid contract, Sherburne acknowledges receipt of just “Twelve Pounds Lawful Money as advance Wages.” Executed on 4 June 1778, yet another shipping agreement with Reynes Lalland is structured slightly differently. Lalland’s quality as Seaman is not explicitly identified and his wages are noted “at the Rate of thirty Dollars” per month, equal to nine pounds per month at the time. Apparently, Reynes Lalland was illiterate as his mark was attested to by John Parker and Joseph Haven. The three documents executed by Corney, Sherburne and on behalf of Lalland are all written by the same unidentified hand. A “Portledge Bill for the Schooner Amity” listing the vessel’s crew, the date each shipped on board, wages and advance signed by Thomas Palmer confirms the seven as her complete compliment.

Like many voyages of Continental vessels, senior officers reserved ‘privilege’ or the right to ship personal goods on public vessels. The schooner Amity apparently was no exception as one most fascinating but unsigned document attests. Careful examination may prove it to be in Colonel John Langdon’s hand as the closing notation reads, “Memo June 8th 1778 Shipt on Board the Amity five Bbs pot and Pearl Ash consigned to Capt Thos Palmer for Sales & Returns”. The note follows a long list of items identified as “Promised” including; “Crimson Velvet for Suit of Clothes Ling & Trimming, Rich han[d]som Silk for Ladys gown with Trimming, Some handsom Silk for hat and Cloak for Lady_ head Dress for Lady_ 6 pr Ladies Shoes, handsom, 26 doz good Claret_ Cordials, Anchoves, Capers, Almonds…and something strong and handsom for winter Jacket and Britches”. Hardly the military stores which no doubt were expected to fill the hold for the return leg.

Schooner Amity’s master Thomas Palmer’s executed bill for expenses is particularly interesting. Apparently summoned to the vessel on 1 June 1778, his services commenced with charges for a horse and expenses of getting “Myself to Newbury after a vessel”. Palmer further itemized expenses including “1 Boat, Oars, Rudder & Tiller” and “1 Large English Jack”’ presumably for deceiving enemy vessels. Board for himself is charged from the first of June to the ninth, the date of Amity’s departure. Finally, Captain Palmer includes a bill for his wages from 1 June to 10 August 1778 totaling two months and ten days. Most intriguing is the date of settlement of Palmer’s account on 30 March 1779. This document suggests that after the schooner Amity was taken shortly after sailing, the fifty-seven year old Thomas Palmer was apparently incarcerated in the service of the United States until 10 August 1778 and likely prevented from returning to Portsmouth to collect his expenses and balance of wages until March of the following year. Published in London on 21 November 1778, The Gazette reveals the captain and his schooner’s fate at the hand of the 50-gun HMS Experiment then under the command of the respected and feared Sir James Wallace. “June 12 [1778]. By Ditto [the Experiment]. Schooner Amity- (Prize) Thomas Palmer Master, John Langdon Owner, from Portsmouth to France, taken at Sea, burnt-with Provisions and Ballast.”

Details of Amity’s capture are found at the British National Archives in Master Andrew Stone’s log of HMS Experiment (ADM 52/1725) under “Remarks on Friday June 12th 1778” for between 2:00 and 8:00 o’clock in the morning, “made sail and chaced to the USW. Fired 7 Shot at the chace & brought her too, a schooner from portsmouth in Piscataway for France in Ballast, master took the materials & provisions out of her, five Casks of pearl ash and one ditto Furs marked EX. N1DC. Shared the provisions among our ships company & prisoners. Set the schooner a fire.” Captain James Wallace’s remarks in the Captain’s log (ADM 51/331) are similar to Stones’ with several notable details. Wallace records that after a two hour chase of the Amity, the Experiment “brought her too” at 4:00 am and also that the prize schooner was set on fire three hours later at 7:00 am about nine or ten miles southeast of Mengigan (Monhegan) Island. Interestingly, Captain Wallace notes the marking on the cask of furs differently from his sailing master as EXN 1ab. Thirteen days after their capture, the commander and crew of the schooner Amity were brought into New York bound for the prison ship Prince of Wales on 25 June 1778. At the last minute, after their destination was already recorded in the Experiment’s muster roll (ADM 36/7920), the prisoners were apparently temporarily diverted to the 64-gun ship Ardent as evidenced by a correction to the muster roll crossing out the Prince of Wales and noting the Ardent instead.

HMS Ardent was the flagship of Rear Admiral James Gambier, Commander in Chief of the Royal Navy in North-America. Having just arrived from England about the first of June 1778, Admiral Gambier already had his hands full with a great number of sick seamen, want of experienced sailors and complaints of ill treatment of American prisoners in prison ships at New York. One such complaint published six weeks later in the 1 August edition of the Pennsylvania Packet originating from George Lacey and others confined on the prison ship Judith dated 12 June 1778, the same day that schooner Amity and her men were taken, offers a clue as to the story behind Experiment’s muster roll changes. The plea begins, “your petitioners, with great humility, beg leave to state their wretched, unhappy situation to you…” and continues to describe conditions for 197 Americans confined on board the small prison ship, “45 of whom are, beyond all human hopes of recovery, sick with malignant putrid fevers; and about 50 other emaciated living skeletons dragging about the decks such naked miserable carcasses, that it should seem were only spared as a favour like another Polyphemus for the after sport of death…” Lacey’s petition continues with the observation that every night the prisoners are forced below decks at bayonet tip so that they “have as much to dread from a general suffocation, as from the unremitting malignancy of the pestilential distemper, which continues to diminish their numbers at the rate of 3, 4 and 5 every day.” The following day, newly arrived Gambier issued his seemingly compassionate response from onboard the Ardent, “The Admiral taking the prisoners petition into consideration and desirous at all times to alleviate their diuretics as soon as possible, by giving every relief in his power, has ordered a large commodious Ship to be got ready immediately for the reception of the masters, mates, and gentlemen passengers and another Ship will be got ready in a few days, to thin the numbers on board of each prison Ship, and to separate the well men from the sick.” Gambier would serve in this capacity for about ten months until relieved by Sir George Collier from Halifax. The Ardent sailed with Admiral Gambier from New York for her English homeland on 6 April 1779 but was later taken by the French off Plymouth, England on 17 June of that same year.

Experiment’s muster roll (ADM 36/7920) reveals that the Langdon documents associated with the schooner Amity don’t tell the whole story of her crew. In addition to master Thomas Palmer, mate John Corney and seamen John Sherbourne, John Elliott, Josiah Berry, Samuel Broughten – two additional men are included in the list of those taken by the British on 11 June 1778. In lieu of Reynes Lalland, we are faced with the names Peter Gerdiere and Linard Reniere. The latter appears to be an interposed French version of Reynes Lalland, leaving us with evidence of an eighth member of Amity’s compliment of which there is no record in the Langdon documents.

The dates of Amity’s departure, the schooner’s capture, Palmer’s confinement and eventual return appear to be corroborated by his testimony sworn before Samuel Penhallow at Portsmouth on 16 March 1779. According to Volume 17 of New Hampshire’s Provincial and State Papers, “Capt Thomas Palmer of lawful age testifieth and saith he sailed from this Port on the ninth day of June A. D. 1778 bound to France with Dispatches from the Continental Congress and two days afterwards was taken by the Experiment Ship of War and carried to New York after being close confined sometime on board a Prison Ship was admitted to go on shore on Parole when John Fisher Esq’ sent for him he (sd Palmer) waited upon sd Fisher who expressed a Concern at not knowing he was a Prisoner at the time Cap‘ Lewis was released as sd Fisher said he would then have endeavoured to have procured his discharge also sd Fisher then made particular enquiry what Piscataqua Men were the prisoners & in what manner they were treated & whether any were in immediate want of Relief being informed Cap’ [John] Gregory was very sick, he sent him some Money by him the sd Palmer, said Fisher then told the sd Palmer he would endeavour to procure a Flag the Release of him and others some time after sd Fisher told the sd Palmer he had procured a Flag to transport twenty two Prisoners to New London as the States then being in Debt to the Admiral to the number of ninety Prisoners sd Fisher told him a greater number could not be released at that time & desired he would visit the Prison Ships and bring him a List of the Prisoners belonging to the State of New Hampshire to that amount upon enquiry the sd Palmer found there were only nine of the aforementioned Prisoners then on board the Prison Ships at New York whose names he returned to sd Fisher who told him to make up the aforesd number among those who stood in most need of Relief sd Palmer further saith thro’ sd Fisher’s means twenty two Prisoners were at that time sent in a Flag to New London- and further saith not.”

Captain Thomas Palmer appears to have been initially confined on the prison ship Prince of Wales in New York Harbor, according to a letter dated 12 July 1778 from Mate John Corney to John Langdon located in The Gilder Lehrman Collection, 1493-1859. In the letter, Corney confirms the schooner Amity was captured by the Experiment three days after leaving Portsmouth on 12 June 1778 and that both “he and Captain Palmer are being kept prisoner with no prospect of relief.” Arguing that the Amity’s officers and crew were employed in Continental service, Corney exhorts Langdon to exercise his ”Powers of doing us Service” while implying Langdon’s authority as a Congressional agent “is not Circumscribed by the narrow bounds of one who acts only in a Private Capacity, & for the Service of an Individual.” Corney further claims that he and Palmer were entered into naval service at the insistence of Langdon and communicates their hope that “he can exercise his extensive abilities to free them.” This intimation has merit based on Langdon’s demonstrated friendship with Palmer and likelihood of the same based on Corney and his wife Mary’s connection to the Colonel’s North Church.

Born about 1721 to Hannah Remick (1694-1741) and Thomas Palmer (1680-1753), Portsmouth resident Captain Thomas Palmer was long acquainted with John Langdon, having actively participated in Langdon’s 14 December 1774 attack on Fort William and Mary to seize the King’s gunpowder for the patriot cause. At the time of the raid, Palmer had only been back in town about a month and a half, having returned from Bristol, England as a passenger aboard one Captain Tyler’s ship during the last week of October. Known locally as “the Castle”, Fort William and Mary had guarded access to Portsmouth Harbor and the Piscataqua River from New Castle Island and was New Hampshire’s only permanently manned British military post at the advent of the American Revolution. After unsuccessfully attempting to obtain the munitions without bloodshed, Langdon’s mob of Portsmouth rebels stormed the fort, prompting it’s commander to lead his men in resisting the attack. In a brief but spirited engagement, the defenders were overwhelmed. One story emerging out of the incident was that of defender Isaac Seveay, “knocked from his position on a wall and disarmed. Seveay was located near the King’s colors and Captain Thomas Palmer ‘snapped a Pistol’ at the unarmed soldier. The weapon “flash’d” but did not fire. Either Palmer’s pistol was not loaded with a ball or the powder in the barrel was not ignited by the flash in the pan. The fortunate Seveay was ordered to his knees and beg pardon for resisting. He answered that he would kneel “when his Legs were cut off below his knees…but he would not before.” For this response, Seveay was immediately knocked to the ground by others and rewarded with a beating to the head.

It is reported that John Palmer, reputedly the son of Captain Palmer, was the individual who hauled down the large British ensign to “three Huzzas” of the attackers- striking colors which had flown above the fort for over 140 years. The following day, the Castle was again raided by Militia Major John Sullivan for the purpose of seizing her numerous cannon. The word received by British authorities on 16 December was that the fort was “full of armed men, who refuse to disperse, but appear determined to complete the dismantling of the fortress entirely.” Presumably anxious to “get out of town” for awhile, Captain Thomas Palmer cleared Piscataqua Customs House bound for the West Indies on that same day with eight others in command of the 180-ton ship Elizabeth. Captain Palmer was well experienced with this transit, with newspaper records indicating his sailing to the West Indies as early as October 1756 on the brig Sally and again as Master of the ship Two Friends in January 1770. Palmer’s merchant career can be traced in coastal newspaper accounts as early as 1749-1753 on the sloop Sea Flower. Genealogical sources suggest Captain Thomas Palmer was married to Love Adams born about 1725 and the couple shared six children; Love born 1743, Ann born 1745, John born 1749, Thomas born 1751, John Elliot born 1754 and Thomas Palmer, Jr. born 1756; although these family details are yet unconfirmed.

We next encounter Captain Thomas Palmer in command of the New Hampshire privateer schooner Enterprize, originally a brig built “for the islands trade”. Fitted out by citizens of Portsmouth, Palmer was appointed by the Committee of Safety “at the request of the proprietors” on 23 February 1776 to replace Daniel Jackson who resigned her command. Within one month however, John Langdon employed Palmer in Continental service penning the following letter at Portsmouth 22 April 1776, “You having the Command and direction of the Brigantine Marquis of Kildare, in the Service of the United Colonies, Equipt for the Sea, are to Embrace the first favourable Oppertunity of Wind & Weather, and Sail with said Brigant to the port Leorient, in the Kingdom of France, where when it shall please God you arrive, Enquire of some principal Merchant or Merchts on whom you may depend whether the Cargo you have on board said Brigantine (Invoice of which you have herewith) is Suitable for the Markett at that place, or whether any Articles you have on board, is Contraband, or not, which may be Easily known, by Enquiring what Articles are prohibited, If on Enquiry you find your Cargo will not sell for a Tolerable price, and by strictest Enquiry of disinterested Men, you are led to think that a greater price might be Obtain’d at Bourdeaux or any other part in the Bay of Biskey, even so high as Brest, you may proceed and do your best in the Sale of your Cargo, the Neat proceeds of which you’ll lay out in such Articles, as are mentioned in the Memorandum you have herewith, takeing the greatest Care to deal with Men of the best Character, and with great Caution that the Goods are not Over Charg’d, after having Compleated your Business, and got the Neat proceeds of your Cargo on board which I shall depend on its being done with the utmost Frugality and dispatch, you’ll make the best of your way back to this place, takeing the greatest Care, in your outward as well as your homeward passage to keep clear of any British Ships, whatever, and in short not to speak with any Vessell, You’ll remember to push off this Coast with all dispatch, Steering as near the Shoal of Georges as may be with Safety, which will be mbst out of the way of the Men of Warr &c. after which you’ll keep well to the Southward Especially when you come near Cape Finestre as by that Means you’ll get clear of any Vessells, bound in or out, the Channel of England, Youll take Care on your Return, to keep in with the Eastern shore, and should it so happen that you should put in any Harbour by all means to give me Information as soon as may be, – You must be Sensible how Necessary it will be in keeping the best look out, & useing your best Endeavour to prevent yourself from falling into the Hands of our Enemies, and also your duty, to Exert yourself for the Services of the United Colonies, in the Sale of your Cargo, & purchase of Goods, Agreeable to the Oath you’ve taken, – I must again recommend Frugality and dispatch, on which much will depend.”

In a postscript, Langdon adds a last minute security detail intended to ensure the secrecy of his endeavor, “If you have any Letters on board for any part of the World for any person whatever My positive Orders are that you do not deliver them, until you are ready to leave the place, where you sell your Cargo and buy your Goods”. The personal warmth between Captain Thomas Palmer and Continental agent John Langdon is hinted at in the letter’s closing, “Wishing you a prosperous Voyage & safe return, am your Friend & Director”. Palmer’s fealty is evidenced in his signed endorsement, “The above and on the other Side is Copy of my Orders which I promise to follow”. Two days after his letter of instructions to the trusted captain on 24 April 1776, the New Hampshire Committee of Safety meeting at Exeter issued Langdon a permit for the brig Marquis of Kildare, Thomas Palmer, Master, to “proceed to Europe with her Lading.” Yet another letter from John Langdon to Captain Robert Cochran at Charleston during Palmer’s absence at sea dated 3 June 1776, suggests Captain Palmer had conducted some business early in that year with Cochran who had visited New Hampshire seeking to enlist men in the naval service of South Carolina.

In a communication dated 23 June 1778, Silas Deane writes from Bordeaux to Robert Morris and the Committee of Secret Correspondence indicating that Captain Thomas Palmer had arrived in that place on the brig Marquis of Kildare after a trans-Atlantic voyage of less than two months. Palmer sailed from Bordeaux on 15 August, reaching Portsmouth on 6 October after a seven week crossing with a cargo of military stores. Upon his return, it was reported Palmer “informs us the French treated him with the utmost kindness, and seemed ready to do every thing in their power to serve him; that the custom-house officers permitted the American vessels to pass without examination, while the English were all searched.” An account of the homeward bound voyage dated 19 October 1776 reads, “Last Friday, Captain Thomas Palmer, of Portsmouth, arrived there in seven weeks from France, with a valuable cargo of powder, small-arms, flints, lead, &c. On the 16th of September he met with a large fleet of thirty-three sail of English transports, among which he took three to be men-of-war, and being so near, that he and a gentleman, passenger on board, who is going to South-Carolina, were both obliged to throw over all their papers and letters of consequence, expecting every moment to be taken. These gentlemen also inform that the French have two fleets at sea, one of nine and the other of eleven sail-of-the-line, who are supposed to cruise, in order to prevent the progress of the Russian fleet in the Baltick. In all French ports American vessels are received with the utmost indulgence imaginable, and the French are daily in expectation of hearing the Colonies had declared their independency of Great Britain; that an embargo had been laid three months on all shipping outward bound in Spain, expecting daily a declaration of war with Portugal. Should a war between Spain and Portugal take place, France will inevitably assist Spain; and England, being by treaty obliged to assist Portugal with a certain body of troops, will have both the Powers of Spain and France to fight.”

The importance of Captain Thomas Palmer’s mission to the fledgling United States of America is revealed in the Secret Committee report of 22 October 1776 to the Continental Congress then in session at Philadelphia. The committee reported, “that the cargo lately arrived at Portsmouth, in the Brig Marquis of Kildare, Captain Palmer, consists of the following articles, viz˙, 5000 pounds Powder, 250 Small-Arms, 100,000 Flints, 4000 yards of small Canvas, 4 to 500 Jackets, 100 Knapsacks, 100 Leggins, 80 large Rugs, 2 bales of Woollens, 1 bale of Linens, and 10 tons of Lead: Whereupon, Resolved, That the Powder, 100 Small-Arms, 2000 Flints, part of the Canvas, 80 Rugs, and part of the Lead, be applied by the Continental Agent for the use of the Continental Frigate Rawleigh: That 60,000 Flints be sent to General Washington: That 38,000 Flints, 150 Small-Arms, 100 Knapsacks, 100 Leggins, and 8 tons of Lead, be sent to the Northern Army, under General Schuyler and General Gates: That the remainder of the Canvas be made into Tents, and sent to the Northern Army: That the Jackets, if fit for soldiers, be sent to the Northern Army; if fit for sailors, that they be distributed amongst the Continental frigates at Portsmouth and Boston: That the two bales of Woollens be made up into soldiers’ Clothes, for the Northern Army: That the bale of Linens, if fit for soldiers’ Shirts, or other purposes, for the Army, be made up, and sent to the Northern Army; if not suitable for publick use, that they be sold to the best advantage.”

Little is now known of the balance of Captain Thomas Palmer’s wartime service except that in June 1777 he was master of the privateer sloop Fly sailing out of Portsmouth and on 12 June 1780 he was commissioned to command the New Hampshire privateer ship Portsmouth which was taken by the British in June of the following year. The First Federal Census records the extended Palmer family deeply rooted in Portsmouth shortly before the patriarch’s passing. The Captain’s household includes himself and four females. His namesake’s household includes Thomas, Jr., one male under the age of sixteen and three females. Son John shares his home with one male under the age of sixteen and seven females. William’s household includes himself and three females. Presumably an adult grandson, Cotton Palmer lives alone. Portsmouth’s New Hampshire Spy of Saturday 6 November 1790 reports, “Died in this Town on Tuesday last [11/2/1790] Capt. Thomas Palmer, Aged 69.”

Posted in Announcements | 1 Comment

The List of Men who Died on Board the ship Alfred (March-September 1776)

The List of Men who Died on Board the ship Alfred (March-September 1776) was transcribed by Joseph Ross in 2016. This list of 8 men is included in a bound group of ledger sheets for the ships Alfred and Trumbull which was sold as Lot 181 at Northeast Auctions on 20 August 2016. The information shown is taken from several of approximately 34 pages of various documents compiled together as a string-bound journal and marked on the cover John Cotton, Esq. Cotton was the builder of the ship Trumbull and the bound journal is believed to have belonged to Dudley Saltonstall, captain of the Continental Navy ships Alfred, Trumbull and Warren. An Alphabetical List of 8 Men who Died on Board the ship Alfred and the Alphabetical List of 35 Men who purchased Effects of those who Died on Board ship Alfred are derived from these documents and follow their transcriptions for assistance in internet browsing. It can be reasonably assumed that, with the exception of Michael Barley of the Providence, all the men on this list also belonged to the ship Alfred.

By Am’t Sales of Effects belonging to Sundry Persons Died on Board the Alfred as p[er] Acc’t Values
Benjamin Barry            L 16.7.2
William Bennitt                  2.1.9
Thomas Owens                0.18.0
Cornelius Sayers [Sears]  2.6.6
Primus Kellow                    1.7.1
John Dougherty                 0.2.6
John Giddens                      1.3.1
John Fitz Patrick             0.13.11
.                                        L 29.0.0

Inventory of Sundries belonging to Benjamin Barry Dec’d Sold on board Ship Alfred at ye Mast at Publick Vendue March 29th, 1776 To the following Persons-
1 blue Jack’t       John Cleveland    L 1.3.0
1 Red Do             Ellis Roland              1.0.0
1 Shirt                 Thomas Young       0.15.0
1 blk handkerk   Patrick O’Brian        0.8.6
Pr blk Briches     John York               0.11.6
1 white Jack’t      Will’m Leonard      0.13.6
Pr Briches            Jno McLocklin        0.11.6
pr blk do              Tim’o Lynch              0.1.6
Trowsers             Rob. Shillingforth     0.5.0
1 Frock                 Rob. Ritchie              0.7.0
Trowsers              Patrick Doyl             0.2.6
1 Frock                  Rich’d Grinnal          0.4.6
1 Shirt                   Michael Cooley         0.8.0
Pr Trowsers         Elias Carr                  0.5.0
1 Shirt                   Patrick Doyl              0.5.0
1 Jacket                Ellis Rowland             0.0.6
Pr Drawers           Patrick O’Brian         0.5.6
Pr Stockings         Benj’a Sipill                0.8.6
Pr Ditto                 Rich’d Willson            0.8.0
Pr Ditto                 Edward Bellanger      0.2.0
1 Bed                     Rich’d Willson            1.13.6
Pr Stock’s              Jerre’h Connell           0.2.6
.              Sum bro’t forw’d                    L 10.2.0
.             Am’t Brought over                  L 10.2.0
2 Jackets               Kenn’t McCloud           0.1.6
1 Hatt                    James Hayes                 2.7.6
Pr Mittens Garters
and Pr Shoes        Jerri Connel                  0.3.0
1 blue Coat           John Hannah                  2.1.6h *
1 Book                   Sam. Nicholas, Esq        0.2.0
.                                                                 L 14.17.6
Commis’n on above at 5 prct                    0.14.10
.                                                                   L 14.2.8
Remains in Capt. Saltonstalls hands
1 Chest- 1 Pr Plated Shoe Buckels
1 Pr Silver knee Buckels- Cash a Dollar
Acct Sales of the above mentioned Remaining Articles Sold at the Mast Sept. 5th, 1776
1 Chest                               to Rob. Shillingford       L 1.0.0
1 Pr Plated Buck’l                  Mathew Green             0.6.0
1 Pr Silver Knee Buck           Mich’l Cooley               0.13.0
Remains in Capt. Saltonstalls Hands Cash                  0.7.6
.                                                                                       L 2.6.6
Commis on above at 5 prct Exclusive of ye Money    0.2.0
.                                                                                        L 2.4.6
.                          Am’t first Sales                                     14.2.8
.                          Carr’d to Gen’l Acc’t                          L 16.7.2

Inventory of Sundries belonging to William Bennitt Dec’d March 21, 1776 Sold at the Mast on board Ship Alfred at Publick Vendue March 29th, 1776. To the Persons following-
1 Frock             Wm. Leonard     L 0.9.0
1 Great Coat    James Wall             1.4.0
1 Jacket            Rich. Willson          0.6.6
Pr Trousers     Stephen Rill            0.4.6
.                                                       L 2.4.0
Commis on above at 5 prct            0.2.3
.                                                        L 2.1.9

Sales of Thomas Owens Effects on Board the Alfred at the Mast Septem 5th, 1776-
1 Great Coat   to Jerri Connel     L 0.17.0
1 Pr Shoes           James Ranken      0.2.0
.                                                           0.19.0
Commis on above at 5 prct               0.1.0
.                                                         L 0.18.0

Sales of Cornelius Sears Effects on Board the Alfred at the Mast Sept. 5th, 1776-
1 Coat                                 to James Edgar       L 0.5.0
1 Coat                                     Walter Spooner     0.17.0
1 Jacket                                  Mathew Green       0.9.0
1 Shirt                                     Charles Bryant       0.7.0
Part of Jack’t & handk          Mathew Green       0.8.6
Pr Stockings   Mich’l Barley of the Providence   0.2.6
.                                                                                  2.9.0
Commis on above at 5 prct                                    0.2.6
.                                                                                L 2.6.6

Sales of Primus Kellows Effects at Vendue on board the Alfred Sept. 5th, 1776-
1 Great Coat       Will’m Burns       L 1.8.6
Commis on above at 5 prct               0.1.5
.                                                          L 1.7.1

Sales of John Doughertys Effects at the Mast on Board the Alfred Sept. 5th, 1776-
1 Blanket          Charles Bryant       L 0.2.6

Sales of John Giddens Effects at the Mast on Board the Alfred Sept. 5th, 1776-
1 Pr Trousers     Kennet McCleod                 L 0.4.0
1 Bed                    Jerri Connel                            0.7.0
1 Blank’t               James Willson                        0.2.6
1 Great Coat        Mich’l Moor                            0.9.6
1 Pr Stockings     Mich’l Barley of the Prov      0.5.0
1 Jacket               Jerri Connel                             1.7.6
1 Ditto                  Robert Shillingford                 0.4.0
1 Frock                 James Willson                         0.9.6
1 ditto                   Jacob Collett                          0.10.0
2 Pr Drawers       James Ranken                         0.1.0
Cap, Brich’s & Draws   Robert Shillingford         0.1.6
1 Jacket                         Ditto                                 0.6.0
2 ditto                            Ditto                                0.10.6
1 Pr Trousers        Will’m Burns                           0.7.6
1 Pillow & Case, Pr Shoes
and Pr Stockings   Mich’l Barley of the Prov      0.3.0
.                                                                              L 5.8.6
Commis on above at 5 prct                                   0.5.5
.                                                                               L 5.3.1

Sales- Jno Fitz Patricks Effects May 27, 1776
to 6 yds Stripes       Tho’s Vaughan      L 0.10.10
to 1 Hatt                   John Whitman           0.11.3
.                                                                     L 1.2.1
Paid for Washing & Cleaning his
Linnen                                                         L 0.7.0
Commiss’n for Sales of above                       0.1.2
.                                                                     L 0.8.2
.                                                                   L 0.13.11

Alphabetical List of 8 Men who Died on Board the ship Alfred
Benjamin Barry
William Bennitt
John Dougherty
John Fitz Patrick
John Giddens
Primus Kellow
Thomas Owens
Cornelius Sears [aka Sayers]

Alphabetical List of 35 Men who purchased Effects of those who Died on Board ship Alfred
Michael Barley of the Providence
Edward Bellanger
Charles Bryant
William Burns
Elias Carr
John Cleveland
Jacob Collett
Jerri Connell [aka Connel]
Patrick Doyl [aka Doyle]
James Edgar
Mathew Green
Richard Grinnal
John Hannah
James Hayes
William Leonard
Timothy Lynch
Kennet McCloud [aka McCleod]
John McLocklin
Michael Moor
Samuel Nicholas, Esq.
Patrick O’Brian
James Ranken
Stephen Rill
Robert Ritchie
Ellis Rowland [aka Roland]
Robert Shillingford [aka Shillingforth]
Benjamin Sipill
Walter Spooner
Thomas Vaughan
James Wall
John Whitman
James Willson
Richard Willson
John York
Thomas Young

* Alfred’s John Hannah who purchased deceased Benjamin Barry’s blue coat on 29 March 1776 would not enjoy his acquisition for long. A letter copied in Nathaniel Shaw, Jr.’s Letter Book dated 29 May 1776 and addressed to Admiral [Esek] Hopkins “Att Providence” reads, “Inclosed is the Acco’t of the Money I have advanced the people who sailed yesterday in ye Providence L15.1.4 for Providence, hope will arrive safe. In the Acco’t sent you by Sarg’t Hambleton of what was advanced their people a pr trouses to Rich’d Owen was omitted, Rob’t Rich of ye Alfred had a Blanket belonging to John Hannah deceased, Sam Farguson of ye Providence & Sam Williams of the Alfred had each a pr shoes 7/ & sett out by Land to come on board at Providence, Will Stewart that sett out with Hambleton had a shirt that was omitted in that Acco’t 7/10. There is now Eighteen in the Hospittle the most of which will in a few days be able to sett out for Providence. I am Sir, Your Humble Serv’t, N Shaw Jun’r.” Nathaniel Shaw, Jr. (1763-1782) was the Continental Naval Agent at New London.

Posted in Announcements, Ship Alfred | Leave a comment

Roll of Men Entered on Board Ship Trumbull (12/14/1776 – 2/27/1777)

The Roll of Men Entered on Board Ship Trumbull was transcribed by Joseph Ross in 2016. This list of 23 men is included in a bound group of ledger sheets for the ships Alfred and Trumbull which was sold as Lot 181 at Northeast Auctions on 20 August 2016. One of approximately 34 pages of various documents compiled together as a string-bound journal and marked on the cover John Cotton, Esq. Cotton was the builder of the ship Trumbull and the bound journal is believed to have belonged to Dudley Saltonstall, captain of the Continental Navy ships Alfred, Trumbull and Warren. An Alphabetical List of the Roll of Men Entered on Board Ship Trumbull derived from this document follows the transcript to assist in internet browsing.

Roll of Men Entered on Board Ship Trumbull
Time of Entry      Names                   Quality     Wag[es] p[er] Mo[nth]
Dec’r 14, 1776 John Brown
”     16     ”        John Brice              A.Seam              L 2.8        Certificate given 17 Feb’r
”     16     ”        Hez’h Shaylor              ”                       2.8         Certif given 17 March
”     16     ”        Ezra Shalyor                ”                       2.8         Certificate given 22 Mar
”     18     ”        Lemuel Smith              ”                       2.8         Certificate given 15 ”
”     18               Eleazor Tredwell         ”                       2.8                       ”              15 ”
”     24               Richard Cockran         ”                       2.8          Run
”     24               Robert Saunders        ”                        2.8         Certificate given
”                        Jacob White              1st Mate             4.10
”                        Jonath Gaylord        Carpenter          4.10
”     29               Robert Sloan             Blacks                9
Jan  1, 1777      Thomas Cattlin            do
Dec 18, 177[6]  John Diver                                             2.8         Certificate given 17 Mar
”      2      ”         Perez Chapman       A. Seam          8 dollars   Ent for ye Cruize, Run
”     16     ”         Elisha Bennett          2nd Mate      15 dollars   Came on board ye 16 Jan. 1777
‘                          Samuel Stow           Midship
Feb. 26, 1777    Isaac Knaps             Seam
”       ”                 James Knaps             do
”       ”                 Thomas Johnson       do
”       ”                 Aron White                do
”       ”                 Gad a Negro               do                                      Daniel Peterson
‘                           Aurther Robertson  Miship’n
Feb. 27, 1777    Noah Brooks              Seam

Alphabetical List of the Roll of Men Entered on Board Ship Trumbull
Elisha Bennett, 2nd Mate
John Brice, Able Seaman
Noah Brooks, Seaman
John Brown
Thomas Cattlin, Blacksmith
Perez Chapman, Able Seaman
Richard Cockran, Able Seaman
John Diver
Jonathan Gaylord, Carpenter
Thomas Johnson, Seaman
Isaac Knaps, Seaman
James Knaps, Seaman
Daniel Peterson (relationship unknown to) Gad a Negro, Seaman
Arther Robertson, Midshipman
Robert Saunders, Able Seaman
Ezra Shalyor, Able Seaman
Hezekiah Shaylor, Able Seaman
Robert Sloan, Blacksmith
Lemuel Smith, Able Seaman
Samuel Stow, Midshipman
Eleazor Tredwell, Able Seaman
Aaron White, Seaman
Jacob White, 1st Mate

Posted in Announcements, Frigate Trumbull | 2 Comments

Pierre Douville, Lieutenant

Continental Navy Lieutenant Pierre Douville was born in the port village of St. Peter’s at Saint John’s Island, now known as Prince Edward Island, in 1745 to Marie Roger or Roge’ (1709-1785) and Francois Douville (1684-1757). His mother was the daughter of Gabriel Roger, a pioneer merchant in the community. Pierre was the tenth of eleven children and the couple’s youngest son. The Douville’s were married in 1722 when Francois was about thirty-eight and Marie was thirteen years old. Pierre Douville was baptized on 7 August 1745 with godparents Jacques Douville and Josephe Carpentier in attendance. According to an article written by Georges Arsenault, the cleric presiding over the 30 January 1757 funeral of Francois Douville recorded that Pierre’s father was the “First inhabitant of the said Island”. A 1728 census indicates the senior Douville, who was born in Normandy, settled there in 1719. There is speculation that Francois Douville came to the island involuntarily as a shipwrecked sailor or as a cod fisherman either looking to settle in the New World or scouting the island for investors back home in France. The 1752 census identifies him as one of the most prosperous inhabitants whose multiple occupations are listed as fisherman, navigator and ploughman or farmer. At his death, Francois Douville apparently owned multiple properties hosting large herds; as well as, several fishing vessels. He also operated a flour mill at present day Bristol.

The year following the senior Douville’s death, Pierre along with his mother, seven siblings and extended family were forcibly removed from the island by the British in the Acadian deportation to France in what is known as the “Grand Derangement”. French and Anglo interests in the New World had been at war since before the British conquest of Acadia in 1710 and continually simmered due to Acadians’ refusal to pledge allegiance to Great Britain. For a time English settlements were contained in the Canadian maritimes; however political, economic and military forces soon drove thousands of Acadians out of Nova Scotia- many of them to St. John’s. As part of the French colony in America, St. John’s Island was protected by a local garrison of soldiers attached to the main French stronghold of Louisbourg on Cape Breton Island. A successful siege of Louisbourg fortress by New England troops during King George’s War in the year of Pierre Douville’s birth resulted in the subjugation of the French population despite a spirited defense of the island. For six years beginning in 1749, native-American and Acadian forces continued resistance against British and New England colonists in what is now referred to as Father LeLoutre’s War. After the second successful siege of fortress Louisbourg in 1758 during the French and Indian War, yet another wave of forced expulsion commenced. It is during this time that thirteen year old Pierre Douville and his family found themselves among the almost 700 refugees from Saint John’s deported to France, arriving there on 23 January 1759 after a three month winter crossing of the Atlantic on one of five English ships loaded with “Human Goods”. Within a short time of their arrival at the port city of Saint-Malo on the English Channel in Brittany, Pierre lost three sisters and a brother to epidemic disease running rampant among the refugees.

According to research by Patricia H. Forsander published on www.genealogy.com; the Douville family resided for the next four years at Saint-Servan, a suburb of Saint-Malo which is today bisected by Douville Boulevard. The displaced Acadians were subsidized by the crown with a six sol per day allowance, just higher than the average wage of a common laborer. This handout was not so much out of compassion for their plight but as a countering response to the British offer of “sixpence per day for their Subsistence and…to each what may be reasonable for Lodging” in exchange for swearing allegiance. With the end of the Seven Years War and the signing of the Treaty of Paris in 1763, France ceded all territorial claims in North America except the island archipelago of St. Pierre and Miquelon which were returned by the British. These islands are located at the entrance of Fortune Bay, just off the southern coast of Newfoundland near the rich fishing grounds of the Grand Banks. Pierre Douville, now almost eighteen, and his surviving family boarded the transport Marie Charlotte in June 1763 to relocate to the last remaining French colony in North America. Upon their arrival at Miquelon, the Douville family was first granted property on lle-aux-Chiens , literally “Island of the Dogs”. Today the uninhabited low-lying outcrop just east of Saint Pierre is known as lle-aux-Marins, or “Island of the Sailors”. In time, the family was removed from that place to Saint Pierre or St. Peter’s.

According to the 2008 article “Pierre Douville: an illustrious son of St John” authored by Georges Arsenault and appearing in the The Acadian Museum of Prince Edward Island publication “Little Souvenance”; Pierre Douville left his family for a life at sea the following year. The young mariner went on board the flute Nanny contracted by the crown to transport displaced Acadians from Europe to Cayenne in French Guiana located on the Northeast coast of South America. Peace with Great Britain and the loss of its North American territories, generated a desire to expand the French colonial empire in the West-Indies, Antilles and Guiana. French officials intended that peace-loving, hard-working Acadian farmers would eventually replace the slave-based economy there which produced cocoa, coffee, sugar and indigo for export. A number of ships departed from French ports in 1794 conveying about two hundred Acadians recruited for the resettlement scheme with promises of future prosperity and fifty livre incentive payments coupled with threats of losing their sustenance subsidy. Arriving at Kourou just Northwest of Cayenne in the fall, these settlers were ill-prepared for the disastrous adventure. Although hundreds more emigrated to the Acadian communities of Sinnamary, Kourou and Cayenne in December 1764 and early 1765, the French government soon realized that the collapse of “La Nouvelle Colonie” on the South American mainland was inevitable and offered to return the settlers to France.

Arsenault’s research indicates that Pierre Douville next served as a second lieutenant on the vessel Two Friends in 1765 conveying forty-five Acadians to France, forced by French authorities to leave Saint-Pierre and Miquelon. It is possible this ship is the brigantine Two Friends under the command of John Tucker which was earlier evicted from fishing grounds in Englee and Canada Harbor on the Northern Peninsula of Newfoundland by the HMS Lark in July 1764. The master of this Two Friends was employed by Anthony Colombier who subsequently filed a complaint against Lark’s commander Lieutenant Peter Vancourt. Colombier testified that he “had been granted the land by Gov. Thomas Graves in 1762, went to great expense installing storehouses, stages, etc. to prosecute a fishery, and was unmolested in 1762 and 1763.” Columbier reasoned further that if French fishing rights assured by the Treaty of Paris were not upheld then “French fishermen may only dry fish on this coast”. Pierre Douville subsequently entered the coastal sailing trade between Saint-Pierre and New England and sometime about 1770 settled first at Pawtucket, then Providence, RI where he became a shipmaster working for wealthy merchant houses.

By the time of the War for Independence, Pierre Douville is well-established in Rhode Island and apparently in command of a vessel accepting orders from Providence merchants and slave-traders Nicholas Brown (1729-1791) and his brother John Brown (1736-1803), founders of Brown University. Based on a series of letters posted from Providence on 15 November 1775 published on pages 1031-1033 in Volume 2 of “Naval Documents of the American Revolution”, merchant sea captains Pierre Douville and Jonathan Clarke, Jr. are associated with Brown in an adventure to ship badly needed French arms and ammunition for use by the Continental Army from Saint-Pierre to any convenient and familiar port from Providence to Long Island. One undocumented source suggests the governor of Rhode Island Nicholas Cooke proposed Douville as the ideal person for the smuggling operation and yet another states Douville himself pitched the idea to General Washington on early September 1775. Jonathan Clarke, a New Haven shipmaster with an almost two decade-long relationship with the Brown family, had just completed at that time a voyage from the Canary Islands to Annapolis on the brig Baltimore in June 1775 suggestive of a slave trade run. Perhaps ironically, Clarke was appointed master of the sloop Liberty on 27 May 1776 immediately subsequent to his service in obtaining these military supplies. Clarke’s mastery of Douville’s native French language is evident in his apparent appointment as the Marquis de Malmedy’s linguist later in December 1776. In one of the referenced letters, Nicholas Brown requests Charles Jovett, a shipowner and resident of St. Peter’s acquainted with Douville; to load his vessel with a cargo of codfish, liver oil, caulking pins “and Good soldier Guns compleetly fitted with Iron or Steel Ramrods & Bayonets …worth 10 dollars apiece, & pistles swords & Hangers in proportion …But Above all that Most Wanting is Cannon & Pistle Powder”. Douville evidently had informed Nicholas Brown that up to five tons of gunpowder could be gotten there and delivered by 1 April 1776. Brown minimizes the risky smuggling operation by promising Jovett “There will be no grait Danger except the Seas, to Come, in the Winter As the English Men of War & Tenders will Doubtless be All in Winter Quarters before that Time.” In a last minute addendum to the letter, Brown offers Jovett the leeway to “Choose to go to france in our Vessel or otherways” in order to acquire the desired cargo but recognizes “the resque you know as well as Anybody”. Due to their sensitive and incriminating nature, much of the Brown’s orders were verbally conveyed to Captains Douville and Clark with the instruction “They will (if necessary) let you in to the Knowledge of th[e] Voyage & our orders to them.” Nicholas finished the postscript by adding, “But whither you ingage In eighter or not We Esteem you Honr & friendship so much As to hope you will keep Secrets & Use your Utmost Influence and Interest in Assisting them”. Jovett is a bit of a mystery however, it is known that another New Haven sea captain William Brintnal (1745-1826) was master of the sloop Charles Jovett bound from New Haven to Jamaica in December 1773. It is therefore assumed he was involved with the New England and West Indies trade, as well as the cod fishery industry.

In reality, the codfish represented only one cargo leg of a secret triangular trade which brought arms and ammunition to the rebellious colonies from French sources. It is difficult to precisely determine the details of Douville and Clarke’s orders and their private personal communications with their contact at St. Peter’s. An undated later endorsement added to the top of Nicholas Brown’s letter to Charles Jovett reads “The Knowledge of the Transaction in the forgoing Letter Came to Us by Mr Jonathan Clark, who when they Came in with the Land went on shore after a Pilote, and Emediatly After, the Vessel was taken Mr Clark was Eaqually Conserned as facter in the Voyage with Capt Deveil [Douville] And Confirms the foregoing Letr & Directions by Subscribing his Name to this postscript.” The details surrounding this postscript are made clear in a letter to George Washington dated 21 May 1776 from General Israel Putnam, also published in “Naval Documents of the American Revolution”, which opens the explanation with “Missfortune on misfortune”. Putnam reveals that Clarke and Douville, in command of a ship owned by Brown loaded with twelve tons of gunpowder and “500 Small Arms & dry goods” was taken by HMS Asia’s armed tender who carried her prize into Sandy Hook. According to General Putnam, “The English Captn with a Boats Crew came on shore for Assistance to land his Goods, soon after the French Capt who was on Board- saw a small Sloop to Leward beating up to him, tis supposed he thot them friends- he immediately weigh’d anchor and bore down for them when unluckily it prov’d to be one of Asia’s tenders”. According to Captain Clarke’s official report recorded in the Journal of the New York Provincial Congress dated 21 May 1776, the badly needed cargo of gunpowder did not emanate from France but from French sources in the Caribbean. It reads, “Capt. Jonathan Clarke, late from the French West Indies and bound to some port to the eastward, attended, and was admitted. He informs that he has had the misfortune to have his vessel and cargo seized and taken by an armed tender near Black Point, below Sandy Hook.” In response to Clarke’s report on the loss and associated request for a “small sum of money” to support the four crewmen of the ship’s boat who landed with him “on the back of Long Island”, the Provincial Congress voted to advance the unfortunate captain twenty-five dollars.

The French captain General Israel Putnam refers to is Pierre Douville, captured off Shrewsberry Inlet near Sandy Hook on 20 May 1776 on board the French sloop L’Amiable Marie. The vessel was probably Douville’s and named ‘friendly Marie’ after his mother, who one genealogical source states was the most popular marrain on Saint John’s (Prince Edward) Island with more than 24 godchildren. Douville had been in command of L’Amiable Marie since before the gunpowder smuggling operation was conceived. A ship’s roll dated 30 July 1775 and published at: http://daniel.burgot.perso.neuf.fr/html/genealogie/aimablemarie.htm places the 55 ton vessel at France with a cargo belonging to Nantes merchants Plombard and Legris & Co. A 6 June 1776 letter from Nicholas Brown to Messieurs Plombard and Legris suggests the trading house, which was not heavily invested in American trade, was also involved with the doomed arms shipment. Serving under the twenty-eight year old Master Pierre Douville as master’s mate and relief captain on the voyage of L’Amiable Marie in the summer of 1775 was thirty-six year old John Clere. L’Amiable Marie was manned by twenty year old Pierre Dubois, Etienne Arsonneau age eighteen and sixteen year old Louis Marie Dubois, all Arcadians. Whether any of the crew continued with the vessel only to be captured by the British ten months later is not known. Black Point and Shrewsberry Inlet are located near present day Sea Bright, just south of Sandy Hook at the confluence of the Navesink and Shrewsberry Rivers. Clearly, Captain Douville was attempting to elude the British chase and land his goods up one of the short rivers in proximity to American resistance forces in the Jersey Highlands. General Washington would receive yet another letter about the affair from Continental Navy Commodore Esek Hopkins on 2 September 1776 requesting personal attention concerning the exchange of “near kinsman” Henry Hawkings, a “common hand” captured with Douville’s sloop. One source claims that Pierre Douville’s participation in the American arms smuggling scheme in 1775 resulted in the burning of his family’s homestead farm at Saint-Pierre by the enraged British.

Some sources suggest Pierre Douville entered public service on 13 June 1775 as an officer on the sloop Providence under Captain Abraham Whipple. Two days after that date, Rhode Island’s General Assembly ordered the Committee of Safety to fit out two ships to defend the colony’s shipping. One of the two vessels chartered for that purpose was the sloop Katy owned by Providence merchant John Brown, brother of Nicholas. Abraham Whipple was commissioned her captain and appointed commodore of the tiny Rhode Island fleet which soon thereafter captured the tender of HMS frigate Rose. Katy spent the summer protecting Narragansett Bay from enemy cruisers prior to departing on 12 September 1775 on a cruise to acquire gunpowder for Washington’s desperate army. Upon Whipple’s return to Providence, the sloop Katy was purchased by Rhode Island on 31 October 1775. In November, the Rhode Island sloop sailed to Philadelphia carrying sailors enlisted in the Continental Navy and upon arriving on 3 December was immediately taken into Continental Navy service and renamed Providence. It is certainly possible that Pierre Douville served as lieutenant under Captain Abraham Whipple on the sloop Katy from June through October 1775 in the service of Rhode Island. However, it is also clear from his voyage to St.Peter’s and the French West Indies between November 1775 and May 1776 to acquire gunpowder and subsequent capture, Douville was not attached to the sloop Katy after she entered Continental service and became known as the Providence. Those sources may also be mistaking the Rhode Island privateer Providence with the Continental Navy sloop Providence. It is also conceivable that Pierre Douville served as lieutenant on the private armed letter-of-marque Providence owned by his future father-in-law Samuel Aborn and under the command of his future bride’s brother Lowry Aborn in April 1775.

Pierre Douville entered service in the Continental Navy as 3rd Lieutenant on the 20-gun ship Alfred sometime 5 September and 23 October 1776. He apparently followed former 3rd Lieutenant John Fanning who left the vessel for the sloop Fly in February 1776 but is not listed on the Alfred’s roll of officers and men who served from the time of her commission until 5 September 1776 left with the ship by Captain Dudley Saltonstall upon his departure. Alfred’s first commander Saltonstall was replaced by 1st Lieutenant Jonathan Pitcher for a brief period and subsequently permanently relieved as captain by John Paul Jones on 22 October 1776. The following day Pierre Douville, spelled Deville in the records, is noted as a participant in the court-martial of brigantine Hamden’s gunner James Bryant held on board the Alfred in Newport. Third Lieutenant Pierre Deville is also included on the list of men entitled to prize shares in the British ship Mellish and brig Active taken by the Continental Navy ship Alfred in late November 1776. Sometime after Lieutenant Robert Sanders’ departure from the ship likely between late November 1776 and Captain Elisha Hinman’s assumption of command in late January 1777, Pierre Douville was promoted to 2nd Lieutenant of the Alfred. He served in this capacity until the Alfred’s capture. During Douville’s service on the vessel under the command of John Paul Jones, the ship Alfred cruised first off the coast of Newfoundland in company with the Continental Navy sloop Providence, departing from Tarpaulin Cove near Nantucket and bound to Boston between 2 November and 16 December 1776. It was during this voyage that the brig Active was taken with a rich cargo of fine goods, an unnamed snow with a cargo of fish and the ship Mellish, armed for war and laden with soldier’s clothing. The Alfred’s crew also burned warehouses and materials used in the British whale and cod fishery at Canso, Nova Scotia during this adventure. It is believed by this writer that a “Sketch of the Bay and Coal Mines at Cape Briton” listed in “A calendar of John Paul Jones manuscripts in the Library of Congress” (1903) misidentified as the November 1777 work of one D’Arvoilles was actually drawn by Douville for Jones on the occasion of this cruise.

Now under the command of Captain Elisha Hinman, Alfred next cruised from Boston to Portsmouth, NH from 25 July to 1 August 1777 and then from Portsmouth to L’Orient, France in company with the frigate Raleigh to obtain military supplies between 22 August and 6 October 1777. On the trans-Atlantic crossing the two Continental Navy vessels captured four small prizes. Departing L’Orient on 29 December 1777, Alfred again sailed in company with the Raleigh to the Senegal River in British West Africa, arriving on 15 January 1778. The ship Alfred left the Senegal with Raleigh on 1 February 1778 taking a small sloop before setting course for the West Indies and home. On 9 March 1778, near Barbados, they encountered British warships Ariadne and Ceres. When the American ships attempted to flee, Alfred fell behind her faster consort. Shortly after noon the British men-of-war caught up with Alfred and forced her to surrender after a half an hour’s battle. Alfred gave and received a number of broadsides during the half hour fight. Most of the 181 crew were taken out of the “Rebel Ship Alfred” and entered on the frigate Ariadne, including the seven ranking officers, 2nd Lieutenant Pierre Douville among them. Alfred’s officers were subsequently transferred to HMS Yarmouth under Captain Nicholas Vincent. Second Lieutenant of Marines Nathaniel Richards was released at Barbados due to the intercession of the English captain, a family friend. Sent on a cartel to Martinique, Richards took passage for home from in the brig Charming Sally. He was captured again by Captain McCartney commanding HMS Ambuscade and taken prisoner to Halifax. His release was finally obtained on 7 July 1778 and Nathaniel Richards sailed on a cartel to New London, arriving on 28 July. From Barbados the remaining officers were transported to England, arriving at Gosport before being confined at Forton Prison on 18 July 1778.

The journal of Forton prisoner Timothy Connor published by William Richard Cutter in “A Yankee Privateersman in Prison in England, 1777-1779” records their arrival, “Saturday, 18th. Very hot weather. This day came on shore five officers belonging to the Alfred, twenty gun ship, out of Boston; Capt. Inman [Elisha Hinman], his first and second sailing lieutenants, and captain and lieutenant of marines. Likewise came on shore five more prisoners, all Americans; the prize master and four hands taken in a prize belonging to the schooner Hawk, out of Marblehead (but belonging to Manchester), mounting ten carriage guns, one Capt. Hibbet commander. No news for us as yet. Out of all hopes.” The pension affidavit of Third Lieutenant Charles Bulkey indicates Connor misidentified him as the second, who was Douville. According to Bulkey, the five officers confined at Forton where Hinman, First Lieutenant Peter Richards, himself, Captain of Marines John Welch and Lieutenant of Marines William Hamilton. Sometime between the capture of the Alfred and the arrival of her officers in England on the Yarmouth, 2nd Lieutenant Pierre Douville was exchanged. It is likely this exchange was for a British officer held by the French in the West Indies as Douville was back home in Providence by the time of his marriage, just eight days after his fellow officers were incarcerated at Forton.

Pierre Douville was married to Cynthia Aborn, the fifth of seven children of Samuel Aborn (1725-1801) and Mary Burrows (1732-1797), just one week after her eighteenth birthday at the King’s Church in Providence on Sunday 26 July 1778. The bride’s father Samuel Aborn was a colonel in the Rhode Island militia in command of the fort at Pawtuxet, as well as a deputy to the Rhode Island Assembly from Warwick. The Anglican marriage ceremony at the fifty-six year old wooden sanctuary was officiated by the Reverend John Graves who had been the rector there since before Cynthia’s birth. The wedding must have offered both Graves and the church family a welcome respite from the ecclesiastical tension that enveloped the Church of England during the Revolution. Like other Rhode Island vicars, Rev. Graves continued to offer regular Sunday prayer for King George and the royal family, a source of great offense to many parishioners. Eventually during the hostilities, the doors of King’s Church would close and Graves ministry there came to an end. Located on North Main Street, the Episcopal church was later renamed St. John’s in 1794.

Immediately after his marriage, in late July 1778 Pierre Douville was attached to the 90-gun ship-of-the-line Languedoc, flagship of the French fleet at Rhode Island then under the command of Vice Admiral Charles Hector Count d’ Estaing (1729-1794). The Continental Navy Lieutenant served in that same capacity with the Marine Royale as an additional “Lieutenant de Vaisseau” on the Languedoc. Interestingly, although he had already served the Continental Congress about two years in that capacity and an additional year prior to that in other quasi-public service, Pierre Douville was not added to the official list of commissioned officers of the Continental Navy until 25 August 1778. Some sources suggest Douville was taken on d’ Estaing’s vessel at the “particular request” of General George Washington due to his extensive knowledge of the New England coast. He apparently participated in d’ Estaing’s naval action with Lord Richard Howe commencing on 10 August and continuing through 28 August 1778. During this running battle with both a tempestuous storm and the British fleet, the severely storm-damaged Languedoc and her compliment of 1,181 men were engaged by the smaller 50-gun HMS Renown who raked her victim with a starboard broadside that spewed iron across Languedoc’s decks from stern to bow. The Frenchmen were fortunate to escape surrender when nightfall and the timely arrival of French assistance brought an end to the hot action. Douville enjoyed a brief respite at his Pawtuxet home while “waiting orders” as d’ Estaing refitted his flagship at Boston during 1779. A receipt for cash paid to Lieutenant Pierre Douville’s father-in-law Colonel Samuel Aborn (1725-1801) on 11 February 1779 for L146.1.6 or about $487 for his “Service as pilot on Board the French Fleet” was probably associated with his time on board the Languedoc. The older brother of Douville’s wife Lorain, or Lowrey, Aborn (1758-1830) was paid in the same manner for similar services.

According to editors ‎Elmer James Ferguson and ‎John Catanzariti in “The Papers of Robert Morris, 1781-1784” (1984), Lieutenant Douville served “on the Queen of France and was captured when that ship was sunk during the fall of Charleston“. While not certain, it is likely Douville entered on the vessel prior to 18 June 1779 when under the command of Captain John Peck Rathbun she sailed in company with the sloop Ranger and frigate Providence from Boston. While on the celebrated cruise off the coast of Newfoundland in July 1779, the three Continental Navy ships infiltrated the Jamaican merchant fleet during which the American squadron captured eleven prizes. Sailing in dense fog among British warships protecting the fleet, the Americans took the merchantmen in secret before escaping at nightfall. Eight made Boston with the three Continental ships in late August, the prize ships and cargoes selling for more than a million dollars. Most certainly, Lieutenant Pierre Douville was serving on the 28-gun Continental frigate when Queen of France departed Boston with frigates Providence and Boston in company with sloop Ranger on 23 November 1779 to cruise east of Bermuda. The squadron, under the command of Commodore Abraham Whipple, took the 12-gun privateer Dolphin on 5 December before arriving at Charleston on 23 December 1779 to assist in the defense of the city besieged by the British. The Queen of France was stationed in the Ashley River to prevent British forces from attacking the city. Eventually her guns were removed and she was scuttled, her officers and men going ashore and serving as artillerymen in defensive fortifications until the city fell. The siege of Charleston ended with her fall to the British on 12 May 1780 and the surrender of all American defenders including the Continental Navy contingent of all four vessels.

Among the number of Continental Navy officers and men released by mid-July, Douville returned to duty on 16 August 1780 as an auxiliary lieutenant on board the 80-gun French flagship Duc de Bourgogne, or Duke of Burgundy, under Rear Admiral Charles de Ternay. Chevalier de Ternay (1723-1780) had just arrived at Newport on 10 July in command of the naval forces associated with “Expédition Particulière” transporting Lieutenant General Count de Rochambeau’s “Auxiliary Army of France” to aid in America’s bid for independence. This intervention was the result of an alliance forged over two years earlier on 6 February 1778. Unfortunately, the French fleet was bottled up in the Narragansett Bay by the British Navy shortly after de Ternay’s arrival. It was during this time of naval inactivity that Douville apparently impregnated his new bride who would bear their first born son and namesake the following year on 19 June 1781. Lieutenant Douville also became acquainted with Claude Blanchard, the commissary of the French auxiliary army during that time. Blanchard’s journal entry for 23 November 1780 published in 1876 reads, “On the 23d, in tolerably fine weather, I was three or four leagues from Providence, and I saw large tracts of country newly cleared and many houses recently built. This district will grow rich and become peopled gradually. I dined at Patuxet in the house of M. Dourville, a Canadian and a lieutenant in the American navy. He had married in this village where he was held in esteem; he was of great use to me for the wood-cutting which was entrusted to me. He had been employed upon the squadron of M. d’Estaing, and M de Ternay had also employed him on his vessel.” Upon the death of Chevalier de Ternay due to a “putrid fever” at the Newport home of Dr. William Hunter on 15 December 1780, Douville was transferred to the 64 gun Jason under the command of Captain Jean Isaac Chadeau de la Clocheterie as “Lieutenant de vaisseau” or ship’s Lieutenant in early 1781. The third rate frigate distinguished herself in the 16 March 1781 engagement known as the Battle of Cape Henry between the British naval squadron of Vice Admiral Arbuthnot and a French fleet under Admiral Charles René Dominique Sochet or Chevalier Destouches. Destouches had succeeded de Ternay as interim commander of the Duc de Bourgogne and the French fleet. He was requested by General Washington to sail for the Chesapeake in order to participate in a joint operation with the Continental Army to confront the British army of General Benedict Arnold in Virginia. Destouches’ orders were frustrated by Arbuthnot’s successful repulse of his fleet and returned to Newport with five dead and one wounded on the Jason among the expedition’s 184 casualties.

Jacques-Melchior Saint-Laurent, Comte de Barras (1719-1793) arrived at Boston from France on 6 May 1781 to take command of the French fleet on news of de Ternay’s death. On de Barras’ arrival, Chevalier Destouches assumed command of the 74-gun Neptune, placing the French Canadian Pierre Douville in the capacity of Lieutenant on that vessel for a time while listing him on the ship’s book as “American”. On 27 August 1781, the French naval squadron of Count de Barras departed Narragansett Bay with eight ships-of-the-line, four frigates and eighteen transports conveying French armament and siege equipment to the Chesapeake Bay in order to rendezvous with Rear Admiral Francois Joseph Paul Count de Grasse whose fleet who had sailed earlier from the West Indies. It is assumed that Douville returned to the Duke of Burgundy to serve directly under de Barras. Ignoring specific orders to mount an expedition to Newfoundland, Count de Barras was persuaded by Rochambeau to sail south instead to assist de Grasse in forming a blockade of the bay preventing Rear Admiral Sir Thomas Graves’ fleet from relieving Lord Charles Cornwallis and his besieged British army at Yorktown. The two fleets met in battle near the mouth of the Chesapeake on 5 September 1781 with the French naval victory directly resulting in Cornwallis’ surrender on 19 October 1781. Douville and de Barras’ fleet did not arrive until 10 September, five days after the engagement, however conveyed badly need supplies to the French and American siege troops. Lieutenant Douville remained with the French Navy after Yorktown, sailing with the combined fleets to the West Indies where he participated in an expedition under Count de Barras to capture Montserrat in February 1782. At the conclusion of his service on the Duke of Burgundy, Pierre Douville was honored in a letter of recommendation by Count de Barras written on board the French flagship on 24 March 1782. It roughly translates, “We the Lieutenant General Naval Armed Forces, Commander of the Royal and Military Order of St. Louis, certify that Mr. Douville, a lieutenant in the Navy of the United States of America, has served nearly two years in duty as a Lieutenant of Vessels off the coast of New England on the King’s ship the Duke of Burgundy, under our immediate orders, and those under the Generals who have preceded us in command of the squadron stationed on the coast of Northern America, and we declare that we have always been completely satisfied with his services in duty off the northern coasts of America as an officer of the sea and as a man of war.”

Afterward, Continental Navy Lieutenant Pierre Douville was attached to the 80-gun Ship-of-the-Line le Triomphant, flagship of Louis-Philippe de Rigaud, the Marquis de Vaudreuil (1724-1802). Vaudreuil was second in command of the French Navy during the American Revolution and interestingly- like Douville, of French Canadian descent. Both his grandfather and uncle were governors of Canada while his father was an admiral in the French Navy. Marquis de Vaudreuil had earlier been in command of the Sceptre during the Battle of the Chesapeake and had fought on land with the Duke of Lauzun defeating Tarleton’s dreaded cavalry at Yorktown. According to at least one source, Douville served on the Triomphant during the Battle of the Saintes also known as the Battle of Dominica between 9-12 of April 1782. During this sea battle between a British fleet under the command of Admiral Sir George Rodney and the French fleet of Count de Grasse, one French ship-of-the-line was destroyed while four others were taken captive, including de Grasse’s flagship with him on board. Vaudreuil is credited with saving the balance of the French fleet however, returning to Boston after the disastrous defeat and assuming overall command of the French Navy in America. A letter from Robert Morris to de Vaudreuil dated 3 October 1782 suggests that Lieutenant Pierre Douville’s duty on the Triomphant had come to an honorable completion with a letter of recommendation from the Marquis to the Continental Agent of Marine. However, it is possible that Douville was one of the Triomphant’s three unnamed auxiliary officers when his former commander, John Paul Jones stepped aboard at Boston on 23 December 1782. Having completed the construction and launching of the only 74-gun ship built for the Continental Navy and delivered it as a gift to the French King on 5 November 1772 under orders from the Continental Congress; Captain Jones requested on 29 November that the Agent of Marine seek permission from Congress for him to serve with the Marquis de Vaudreuil. It is possible that John Paul Jones’ former lieutenant on the Alfred, Pierre Douville had solicited his service with Vaudreuil, although no supporting documentary evidence has yet surfaced. Triomphant’s lieutenant during Jones’ cruise was Louis-Gaspard le Gardeur, Sieur de Repentigny (1753-1808), who like Lieutenant Pierre Douville and the ship’s commander Marquis de Vaudreuil was French Canadian. Lieutenant Repentigny had earlier served with Vaudreuil on the Magnanimous. John Paul Jones would sail on board Vaudreuil’s flagship Triomphant for five months in the West Indies before returning to Philadelphia by another vessel in May 1783.

Details of that cruise are recorded by Jones himself. “As I foresaw that the plan conceived by the Chevalier de la Luzerne and Mr. Morris would probably not be carried out, I addressed myself to Congress without losing any time, and on December 4, 1782, I obtained an act from that body ordering me to embark on a ship of His Majesty’s fleet at Boston, under the orders of the Marquis de Vaudreuil, scheduled to join the Count d’Estaing in his expedition against Jamaica, etc. The prospect was very agreeable to me, because of all those who were assigned to serve on this expedition no one knew the Island of Jamaica as well as I, and since the Count d’Estaing had commanded a fleet of more than 70 ships of the line and a great army, I hoped to find myself in the best military school in the world, where I would be able to render myself very useful and would necessarily acquire very important knowledge about conducting large scale military operations. The Marquis de Vaudreuil received me politely on board his own flagship, le Triomphant, and billeted me in the Council Chamber with the Baron de Viomenil, who commanded the land forces. The Marquis de Vaudreuil’s squadron of 10 ships of the line, two frigates, and one cutter left Boston on December 24. The admiral’s intention was to join at the latitude of Portsmouth with two other ships of the line, l’Auguste and le Pluton, then in that port and under the orders of his brother (as the America was still not ready to put to sea); but stormy weather and contrary winds prevented this juncture and put the squadron into a disagreeable situation because of the proximity of the coast and of the Bay of Fundy. The admiral then attempted to join the ship le Fantasque, carrying troops from Rhode Island, but this also failed. The squadron, having lost sight of several ships loaded with masts and 20 merchantmen being convoyed to Boston, set course for the island of Puerto Rico. When that island was within sight, the Marquis de Vaudreuil was warned that Admiral Hood was cruising at the latitude of Cape Francois with 16 vessels of the line, and that Admiral Pigot, with greater forces, was at Saint Lucia, so that the enemy would necessarily consider the Marquis de Vaudreuil’s squadron an easy prey that could not escape Hood or Pigot.”
“The Marquis de Vaudreuil remained at the latitude of San Juan, Puerto Rico, for 10 days, practiced all kinds of fleet maneuvers, and then took 16 ships from a large convoy that had arrived at San Juan from France and headed toward the western end of Puerto Rico. Some of the flyboats sent to cruise by Hood perceived the squadron near the Mona Passage and immediately went to inform him that the Marquis de Vaudreuil was sailing south of St. Domingue on the way to some port on the west coast of that island or on the east side of Cuba, for the expedition to Jamaica. They were in error: the squadron headed south, into the wind, and passed to the leeward and within sight of the Island of Curacao, near the South American coast. The rendezvous that had been agreed upon by Don Solano and the Marquis de Vaudreuil at Cape Francois after the defeat of the Count de Grasse was held in utmost secrecy, and no one had the least idea that it was Porto Cabello on the continent of South America at 20 leagues to the windward of Curacao. The squadron maneuvered for three weeks along the coast against a current that chased the transport ships out of sight to the leeward; and because they had neither pilots nor good charts of this coast on board the squadron, La Bourgogne of 74 guns foundered on rocks at night two leagues from the coast and went down with 200 men, including officers, among them the first lieutenant. Le Triomphant arrived at Porto Cabello [Porto la Bello] on February 18, 1783. L’Auguste and le Pluton had arrived there some days before and the other ships of the fleet came in safely, one after the other. Don Solano had planned to meet with the Marquis de Vaudreuil at Porto CabeIlo in December. He did not keep his promise, and no news of his squadron was received at Porto Cabello. The anxiety that this uncertainty occasioned, combined with the lack of news from Europe, so deeply affected the spirit of several officers that they fell ill, and I myself was dangerously sick. Finally the news of a general peace arrived by frigate from France. The most brilliant successes and the most instructive experience in the art of war could not have given me pleasure comparable to that which I felt when I learned that Great Britain, after such a long struggle, had been forced to recognize the sovereignty and independence of the United States of America. On April 8, 1783, the day after the cessation of hostilities, the squadron left Porto Cabello, and after a voyage of eight days it arrived safely at Cape Francois. The Spanish squadron had left Havanna for Porto Cabello, and upon receiving news of the peace at Puerto Rico it changed course for Cape Francois and arrived there a few days before the Marquis de Vaudreuil. I remained only a short time at Cape Francois where I received the special favors of Monsieur de Bellecombe, the governor. I then embarked for Philadelphia, filled with gratitude for all the attention I had received from the Marquis de Vaudreuil, the Baron de Viomenil, and the other officers during the five months that I had been on board His Majesty’s squadron.”

Despite the fact that the Treaty of Paris ending the American Revolution was not formally signed until 3 September 1783 and ratified in January 1784, all hostilities had already come to an end by April 1783 with the ratification of a preliminary peace treaty originally inked the previous November. For all intents and purposes, British aggression ended with George III’s issuance of Cornwall’s Proclamation of Cessation of Hostilities on 4 February 1783. After serving the entire eight year duration of the War for Independence in the service of the Continental and French Navies, Lieutenant Pierre Douville returned to his home in Rhode Island. It is during this season that the Douville’s oldest daughter Cynthia was conceived, the couple’s second child being born on 28 October 1783. The Providence Gazette of 28 June 1783 reveals that Douville is already in command of the brig Independence sailing for Port Dauphin, presumably what is known today as Englishtown on Cape Breton Island in Nova Scotia. This is the same locale depicted on the “Sketch of the Bay and Coal Mines at Cape Briton” listed among the John Paul Jones manuscripts in the Library of Congress” (1903) believed by this writer to be drawn by Douville in 1777. From Port Dauphin, the brig Independence apparently sailed to the West Indies as Captain Douville is recorded as arriving in Newport in that vessel bound from Martinico on 5 February 1784. Douville and the Independence are reported “arrived in the river” at Providence two days later.

Pierre Douville’s merchant career immediately after the war is chronicled in the shipping news published in the Providence Gazette. On Saturday 22 May 1784, Douville is cleared for departure to the West Indies on the sloop Cynthia, presumably his own vessel named for his wife. The sloop must not have sailed promptly as it was cleared again for departure two weeks later on 5 June. The voyage must have proved successful as the following year, Douville is cleared for departure from Providence and bound to St. Peters on the larger schooner Cynthia, also named after his beloved spouse, on Saturday 21 May 1785. The schooner is noted among the current arrivals at Providence from St. Peters on Saturday 8 October 1785. It is possible that Captain Pierre Douville sailed specifically to meet his dying mother at his native birthplace on St. Pierre-Miquelon. According to the genealogical research of Patricia H. Forsander and others posted on www.genealogy.com, the captain’s mother Marie left her home at St. Pierre in the fall of 1778 to return to St. Malo on the schooner La Charlotte with Pierre’s two younger siblings Philippe and Francois. Accompanied by her granddaughter Marie-Rose Bujeau, the old woman returned to St. Pierre on the ship Three Sisters just before her death on 6 June 1785. Their research indicates that “the mariner brought his wife Cynthia and son Peter to live among his extended family at Saint-Pierre and Miquelon in 1787, where she remained for two years while Douville pursued a lucrative maritime trade with the West Indies. Clearly the Douville family was in residence at Rhode Island when second son Charles Lowry was born on 14 April 1786. However, the couple’s third son Samuel Joseph was born at St. Pierre on 21 July 1788 where both he and his two year old brother were baptized in that year. The youngest daughter Mary was born on 22 November in 1789 at Rhode Island. The family is in residence again at Warwick, RI at the time of the 1790 Census with Pierre Douville recorded as the head of a household which included, in addition to himself, three males under the age of sixteen and three white females.” The young males included nine year old Peter, four year old Lowrey Charles and two year old Samuel Joseph. In addition to his wife Cynthia, the Douville females included seven year daughter Cynthia and one year old Mary.

Thanks to Andri Maurois’ “Chateaubriand: Poet, Statesman, Lover” (1969), we discover Pierre Douville in early 1791 at St. Malo, France where he was engaged to command the 160 ton brigantine St. Pierre on a trans-Atlantic crossing conveying a group priests and seminary students associated with the Society of Saint Sulpice to a newly organized seminary in Baltimore, St. Mary’s Seminary. The Roman Catholic order’s Paris seminary had been closed at the advent of the French Revolution with its teachers and students fleeing to avoid persecution. The Baltimore seminary likely founded by some of Douville’s passengers was established as the first such Catholic institution in the United States on 10 July 1791 with classes commencing in October of that year, shortly after St. Pierre’s arrival. Also among the vessel’s passengers was twenty-three year old St. Malo native and future French diplomat, writer and historian Francois Auguste Rene de Chateaubriand (1768-1848) who was to become known as the “Father of French Romanticism”. Chateaubriand was bound on a pilgrimage to America to meet George Washington, armed with a letter of introduction from French Revolutionary War veteran General Armand, Marquis de la Rougrie. After a short wait “becalmed in the roadstead…though no breeze sprang up, the ebb tide swept the St. Pierre out to the open sea” departing St. Malo on 8 June. Chateaubriand, asleep below during the brig’s departure, returned on deck to find “the land of France was out of sight.” For months the celebrated writer sailed “above the grave face of the abyss” while concurrently observing “the awful majesty of ocean horizons”. He proved an able sailor with a flair for the theatrical, on one occasion having himself bound to the main mast in the tradition of Ulysses. Maurois writes, “There he was drenched by the waves and well battered by the wind, but braving sky and water he cheered himself with the cry; “Oh storm, thou art not yet as fair as Homer made thee!'”. When Chateaubriand reminisced about his voyage on Douville’s vessel many years later he poetically remembered, “The vessel tossed at the mercy of a slow and thudding swell, while fiery sparks flickered along the foam that creamed about its sides. Myriads of stars twinkled against the dark azure of the vaulted sky, a shoreless sea, infinity in heaven and on the deep! Never has God so disquieted me by his greatness as in those nights when I had immensity above my head and immensity beneath my feet.” After a brief call at Douville’s home port of St. Pierre, where apparently the saavy captain lost an Admiralty court case over the loss of an anchor to the passenger charter defended by Chateaubriand himself, the brigantine continued on to the Chesapeake. After a three month crossing, Captain Pierre Douville’s vessel came into view of American soil as Chateaubriand recorded the arrival “Only the crests of a few maples rising above the water gave any hint of a coast.”

While some sources suggest it was King Louis XVI who recruited Pierre Douville to serve in the French Navy, probably nothing could be further from the truth. The French Revolution had begun to unfold as early as May 1789 with a shift in political power. The storming of the Bastille followed in July and August heralded the passage of the Declaration of the Rights of Man by the National Assembly of France. Social tension forced the royal court from Versailles to Paris in October 1789 with the following two years characterized by ongoing power struggles between liberal assemblies and monarchists. The Battle of Valmy, the first decisive victory of the revolutionary army of France on 20 September 1792, emboldened the newly assembled National Convention to declare the end of the monarchy and establish the First French Republic. The Revolutionary Wars that began in 1792 ultimately resulted in French victories which would unite and define the modern state. It was during these times in December 1792 that Pierre Douville traveled to Paris, excited by Revolutionary fervor and opportunity. Leaving his thirty-one year old American wife behind along with their five children between the ages of eleven and three years old, Douville was drawn to defend the same inalienable rights of life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness that had been won at such great cost in the Americas just a decade earlier. One source quotes the French-Canadian born adopted American naval volunteer as wanting to “get useful to his country”.

Pierre Douville was offered a commission for his former rank of lieutenant on the ship Achilles in January 1793, the same month King Louis XVI was executed on the guillotine amid international condemnation. The Achilles’ mission was to protect the mouth of the Loire River and the Brittany coastline. It was during this tumultuous time of social upheaval and dictatorial abuse by the Committee of Public Safety known as the Reign of Terror that Douville was promoted to Captain on 25 February 1794 and given command of the ship-of-the-line l’ Impetueux, or Impetuous. His freshly launched 74-gun Impetuous was attached to the squadron of French Admiral Louis-Thomas Villaret de Joyeuse. Villaret de Joyeuse had served with distinction under Admiral Pierre Andre de Suffren, one of D’Estaing’s squadron commanders in the West Indies during and after the American Revolution. Rising quickly in rank during the advent of the French Revolution, Villaret was in command of the French fleet during the Third Battle of Ushant, popularly known as the Glorious First of June. Fought in the Atlantic Ocean four hundred miles west of Brest, this naval fleet action was both the first and largest between the French and British fleets during the French Revolutionary Wars. Villaret de Joyeuse was tasked with the mission of drawing the fleet of Admiral Lord Earl Howe away from a convoy of 117 vessels transporting grain from the United States to supply the starving masses in France driven to famine by the blockading British. Howe’s primary intent was to destroy the French naval fleet of twenty-six vessels.

In command of the 74-gun Impetueux and her compliment of seven hundred officers and men, Captain Pierre Douville was positioned sixth in the line of battle at the Vanguard of the French fleet. Soon into the sea battle, Impetueux became entangled with the 74-gun HMS Marlborough. Both vessels were severely damaged in the hot action at close quarters. The French ship Mucius under Captain Larregny came to Douville’s assistance, colliding with both ships in the smoke of broadside exchanges. All three warships sustained heavy casualties as the gunfire continued for hours. Both Marlborough and Impetueux lost all three masts in the action. HMS frigate Aquilon responded to Marlborough’s plea for assistance, finally towing the hull to safety. Mucius freed herself and rejoined the fleeing French fleet. Captain Douville, already having received a number of wounds, continued his assault on the British from the crippled Impetueux by engaging the HMS frigate Phaeton- his orders being to retard as much as possible the British pursuit of the escaping French fleet. Too damaged to even move, Impetueux and her courageous commander were finally subdued and taken by the crew of HMS Russell. Captain Pierre Douville was among Impetueux’s casualties, one hundred dead and eighty-five wounded, having received eighteen wounds during the course of the long action. Mortally wounded, Douville was taken to Forton Prison in Gosport, England where he died on 17 June 1794. It is reported that Pierre Douville was buried at Portsmouth, England with military honors. While the Glorious First of June was credited to Howe as a great victory in which seven enemy ships were taken in battle including Douville’s, the French objective of diverting British interest from the food convoy proved successful as that national lifeline escaped unmolested. Soon after, the Reign of Terror in France would also end when the Directory assumed control and brought stability to the state in 1795.

The only known likeness of Pierre Douville, said to be painted in France by an unidentified artist shortly before his death in 1794, was gifted to Brown University in 1887 by his granddaughters Miss Cynthia Douville and Mrs. Sarah Tinkham. Formerly on exhibit with the Anne S. K. Brown Military Collection in the Special Collections of the Brown University Library, the portrait was loaned to the Arts Centre Confederation in Charlottetown on Prince Edward Island in celebration of the 250th anniversary of the Acadian Deportation of 1758. Little known prior to that time, Earle Lockerby in “The Deportation of the Prince Edward Island Acadians” (2008) appears to be one of the first to recognize the contributions of Pierre Douville to American, Acadian and French history. More recently, the portrait hangs in the permanent exhibit of the Acadian Museum of the Université de Moncton. Douville’s likeness is also reputed to be the only extant portrait of a native-born person from the island of St. John before the Great Upheaval. There is some controversy over the present disposition of the remains of Pierre Douville. In the unsourced “Odyssey of an Acadian in American and French Navies” (1954), writer Raymond Douville claims the naval officer’s remains were returned home by the Society of Cincinnati and re-interred at the West Burying Grounds in Providence and then relocated again to Swan Point Cemetery in 1871 where a memorial now stands honoring his life and service. This statement is brought into question by others who indicate that nothing in the archives of the Rhode Island Society of the Cincinnati support that conclusion, the monument inscription itself is silent on the matter and finally a letter accompanying the 1877 portrait presentation that discusses the monument relocation of six years earlier makes no mention of Pierre Douville’s remains. The monument inscription honoring the navy veteran finishes “Malthus closing an unspotted life all which had been consistently and bravely spent in the time of the adopted service and time of the old native country.”

A handwritten and signed copy of a letter from Pierre Douville’s wife Cynthia seeking compensation from the government of France for her husband’s service in the French Navy was recently offered for sale at Marion Auctions on 25 June 2016. It reads: “Providence March 8th AD 1803. Fulwar Shipwith Esqr. Sir, By the advice of Sundry Merchants in this town and of Several of the Officers in the Government of the United States, I take the liberty to commit to your care a piece of business of much importance to me, the nature of which you will discover in the documents herewith enclosed. I am a native of the State of Rhode Island and was married to the late Capt. Pierre Douville a citizen of the French Republic who at the call of his Country entered into its Service in the Navy and was Mortally wounded while commanding the French Ship of war L’ Impeteaux of Seventy four Guns in the naval engagement near England in the month of June AD 1794 and in a few days afterwards died of his Wounds. The history of my life as well as that of my family you will find in the enclosed documents. I conceive that there were due to my late husband at the time of his death arrears of Wages & rations which have never been paid and that I and my children are entitled by the laws and regulations of the Republic, to a pension or some kind of Gratuity on account of the Services and death of my late husband. To recover those arrears, Pensions or gratuities is the object of my present application and which I am informed by Pichon the Charge de affairs of the Republic to the United States may be recovered without delay. I have heretofore attempted to obtain whatever may be due to me or my children, but have failed in consequence of not forwarding proper documents. I have now procured every kind of proof which is thought necessary and have the whole certified by the highest Authority in the United States and flatter myself that no further difficulties will arise. I wish you to pay every attention to the business which its nature may require and to satisfy yourself for your trouble and expenses out of what may come into your hands. You will be so obliging as to write me as soon and as often as may be and inform me of all the particular circumstances relative to my prospects and your success. In particular I wish you to advise me what arrears were due to my husband at the time of his death, the amount of the Pension which is due, Whither it is to myself alone or whither my children are also to participate in the bounty of the Government. Whither the a pension is a sum in gross, or to be continued, and if continued how long. These are points which my former agent neglected to inform me upon. By the return of the Ship which conveys this to France I hope to receive information of the receipt of my papers and of your success in the business. If there shall be any further document needed you will please to inform me what is necessary. If you are fortunate in your application you will make remittances to me in good bills payable in the United States (if to be had), if not you may place the money in the hands of Thomas Dickinson & Company in London [eminent merchant house] and direct them to place the amount to the Credit of Messrs. Brown and Ives of Providence. I have written to Joseph Lanfrey Esq. a french Gentleman residing at Paris who was an intimate friend of my late husband requesting his friendship and assistance to you in this business. When you write me I wish you to write under cover to Philip Crapo Esq. Counselor at Law in Providence, State of Rhode Island, or to Mr. Sam’l Aborn, who have lent me their aid in Procuring the documents of who now forward the same on to you. I am with Sentiments of esteem, Your Ob’t Servant, (Copy Signed) Cynthia Aborn Douville.”

The widow Douville’s letter is addressed to her Paris agent Fulwar Skipwith (1765-1839), a Revolutionary War veteran first appointed in 1795 as Consul-General under the United States Minister to France, future President James Monroe. He later briefly served as President of the Republic of West Florida and as President of the Louisiana State Senate during the War of 1812. His legislative initiative to grant amnesty to former privateers resulted in the cooperation of pirate Jean Lafitte and his forces with General Andrew Jackson in the successful defense of New Orleans on 8 January 1815. Her solicitation of Skipwith’s services mentions French Baron Louis Andre Pichon (1771-1854), Secretary of Legation and Charge d’Affaires from 1801 to 1805 during the time of the Louisiana Purchase. After earlier serving as a diplomat in Philadelphia from 1793 to 1796, Pichon returned to France and assisted in negotiations to end the Quasi-War between the two nations. Cynthia Aborn Douville instructs her agent Skipwith, upon his successful mission to secure compensation of unpaid wages and pension due her, to deposit such funds as may be recovered in the eminent London merchant house of Thomas Dickinson & Company to the credit of the Providence firm of Brown and Ives, a leader in American commerce for decades. This partnership between Nicholas Brown, Jr. (1769-1841) and Thomas Poyton Ives was earlier known as Brown, Benson and Ives between 1792 and 1796 when George Benson retired. Along with his brothers, Nicholas Brown was a major benefactor of his alma mater Rhode Island College, which in 1804 voted to change its name to Brown University. Thomas Poynton Ives (1759-1835) apprenticed in the counting house of Nicholas Brown, Sr. prior to marrying his only daughter Hope and with his brother-in-law Nicholas, Jr. formed a successful shipping business, particularly in the Far East trade. Poynton pioneered the American version of transporting mass goods on larger vessels between major ports and off-loading to smaller vessels for distribution to lesser markets. This concept later evolved into the intermodal transport of containerized goods widely used on a global scale today. Joseph Lanfrey, the intimate friend of Pierre Douville mentioned in his widow’s letter, is most probably the employee of the French Republic’s office of military subsistence who in the years immediately prior to this letter owned the Hotel de Brienne in Paris, used as an office for military supplies. Originally confiscated during the French Revolution, Lanfrey owned the prominent property between 1800 and 1802 when he sold it to his tenant, interior minister Lucien Bonaparte, brother of Napoleon. The building became known as the “Palace of the Mother of the Emperor,” when Lucien sold it to his mother in 1805. The French government purchased the Hotel de Brienne in 1817 and ever since the building has housed the Ministry of War. Lanfrey is also likely the same Joseph Langley De Lisle, native of Grenoble in France, who served as Commissary of the French army in Rhode Island as early as 1781. It is this “Commissary Inspector-General in the French Land Service” who was married to Bathsheba Bowler, daughter of Metcalf Bowler, in Newport on 8 July 1784. Langley conceivably met Continental Navy Lieutenant Pierre Douville during Commissary General Claude Blanchard’s forays into the Pawtucket woods near Douville’s home in 1780. Finally, Cynthia Aborn Douville instructs agent Skipwith to copy all correspondence to her to others at home with a special interest in her affairs, her brother Samuel Aborn (1765-1818) and her brother-in-law Philip Crapo (1767-1838), a well-known Providence lawyer of French descent married to her sister Desire Burrows Aborn (1767-1859).

A letter of response from the government of France was also included in the auction lot containing Cynthia Aborn Douville’s request for compensation due her for her husband’s service in the French Navy. It reads: “Paris the 2nd Pluviose Year 12 of the FR [French Republic]. Bureau of Pensions. The Minister of Marine and the Colonies to Mr. Shipwith Commercial Agent of the United States of America at Paris- I hasten to announce to you Sir- that this Government has accorded a Pension of 600 F on the Case of the Invalids of the Marine to the Widow of Capt. Douville who died of the wounds he received in the Battle of 13th Prairial Year 2nd. Madam Douville residing in the United States, I beg you to inform her that her Pension commenced the first of year ?th & that she can receive the arrears at Paris by transmitting a Power for that purpose- I Salute you. (Sig’d) Decraz”. The dates employed in the letter refer to the French Revolutionary or Republican Calendar. This calendar was designed to eliminate all religious or royal references and was only used for about twelve years between 1793 and 1805, as it was abolished by Emperor Napoleon I on 1 January 1806. Year 12 referred to the year beginning 24 September 1803 in the Gregorian calendar. Depending on the specific year, the month of Pluviose extended from 20-22 January to 19-21 February, making the 2nd Pluviose in the third week of January 1804. The thirteenth day of Prairial in the second year of the French Republic marked the Battle of the Glorious 1st of June in 1794. The month of Germinal extended from 20-21 March to 20-21 April. This letter appears to be from Denis Decres (1761-1820), the French Minister of Marine and of Colonies from 1801 to 1814, concluding with a secretarial signature. Decres sailed as a midshipman on the frigate Richmond under Count de Grasse’s fleet during the American Revolution. Rising to the rank of Vice Admiral, Decres was known as a brutal and conceited politician who served as Minister of Navy from shortly after Napoleon’s coup d’etat on 9 November 1799, through the emperor’s coronation on 2 December 1804 and until Napoleon’s abdication in April 1814.

For Pierre Douville’s naval services to the French Republic, his widow received a pension from the government of France until her death in Providence. Pierre and Cynthia Douville’s youngest child Mary, just two years old when the naval officer left for France, died a little over two years after her father on 13 October 1796, one month before her seventh birthday. The 1800 Census indicates two females in forty-year old Cynthia Douville’s household, besides herself one other female age sixteen to twenty-five, no doubt her seventeen year old daughter of the same name. The census also includes one male between 16 and 25 and two other males between ten and fifteen years old, presumably nineteen year old Peter, fourteen year old Lowry Charles and twelve year old Samuel Joseph. Uncertain if addressed to mother or daughter, Cynthia Douville’s name appears on a list of unclaimed letters at the Providence post office between 31 August and 15 September 1804. Widow of Continental Navy Lieutenant and French Navy Captain Pierre Douville, forty-six year old Cynthia Aborn Douville died on 21 October 1806 and according to King’s Church Records was buried at Pawtuxet five days later, just over two months prior to her daughter Cynthia’s marriage to John Willis, Jr. on 29 December 1806. The remains of the captain’s wife today rest in the Arnold-Pawtuxet Burial Ground having at some time in the past been re-interred from the Aborn-Whitney Lot. According to the Providence Gazette of 8 November 1806, their oldest child Peter was named administrator for her estate. Earlier in 1805, Peter Douville had been admitted to the Society of the Cincinnati in the place of his father. Like his father Pierre, the junior Peter Douville was a mariner having command of the brig Sea Flower in 1806 and the sloop Phebe in 1808. In 1818, the younger Douville then of Cranston, filed for insolvency and subsequently relocated to Savannah. He died on a schooner in West Florida on 2 October 1825.

Posted in Navy Commissioned Officers | Leave a comment